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Routes to the Rise of Social Hierarchy

社会等级制度兴起的途径

基本信息

批准号：
2020668
负责人：
Timothy Pugh
金额：
$ 22.51万
依托单位：
CUNY Queens College
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-01 至 2025-01-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2020668&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Routes Rise Social Hierarchy

项目摘要

A team of scholars will investigate dynamics in the development of cities and states. Understanding the rise of states requires that we characterize their variations, not just study those that fit rigid stereotypes. Many scholars assume that capitals develop as one large settlement dominates other settlements, which in turn control smaller settlements. Yet, hierarchies vary in the degree to which a capital dominates social dimensions of the state. In some cases, the capital dominates; in others, it over-dominates (primacy); and in still others, the capital may be the same size or smaller than “subordinate” settlements. Primacy can become so extreme that capitals grow to be massively larger than “subordinate” centers. Such situations are known as “hyperprimacy.” Variations in the construction of hierarchies reflect and help create divergence in the trajectory of developing states. The knowledge of the diversity, successes, and failures of cities can contribute to modern discussions of urbanization and policymaking. The proposed work will add some historical depth to the understanding of how cooperation can help create more viable and resilient social systems and enhance social mobility. This project will train students from Queens College as well as other universities.The project will explore the invention of what is currently the earliest known city with an orthogonal grid in the Americas. A preliminary survey of the area suggested the presence of a Middle Preclassic period settlement hierarchy. Unusually the site has no monuments which suggests an unusual cooperative form of social organization. The research will proceed through an airborne LiDAR survey followed by intense archaeological excavations at both the main and subordinate sites. Project information will be uploaded to an ongoing website.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

一组学者将调查城市和国家发展的动态。理解国家的崛起需要我们描述它们的变化，而不仅仅是研究那些符合刻板印象的变化。许多学者认为，首都的发展是一个大的定居点支配其他定居点，而其他定居点反过来又控制较小的定居点。然而，等级制度在资本支配国家社会层面的程度上有所不同。在某些情况下，资本占主导地位;在另一些情况下，它过度主导（首要地位）;在其他情况下，资本可能与“从属”定居点的规模相同或更小。首要地位可以变得如此极端，以至于首都比“从属”中心大得多。这种情况被称为“超级优先”。等级结构的差异反映并有助于创造发展中国家轨迹的差异。对城市多样性、成功和失败的了解有助于现代城市化和决策的讨论。拟议的工作将增加一些历史深度，以了解合作如何有助于建立更可行和更有弹性的社会制度，并加强社会流动性。该项目将培训来自皇后学院以及其他大学的学生。该项目将探索美洲目前已知的最早的具有正交网格的城市的发明。对该地区的初步调查表明，存在一个中前古典时期的解决层次。不寻常的是，该遗址没有纪念碑，这表明了一种不寻常的社会组织合作形式。该研究将通过机载激光雷达调查进行，然后在主要和附属地点进行密集的考古发掘。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（6）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Social Complexity and the Middle Preclassic Lowland Maya

社会复杂性和中期前古典低地玛雅

DOI：
10.1007/s10814-021-09168-y
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Journal of Archaeological Research
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Pugh, Timothy W.
通讯作者：
Pugh, Timothy W.

Middle Preclassic Nixtun-Ch'ich': A lowland Maya primate/ritual city

中前古典时期 Nixtun-Chich：低地玛雅灵长类动物/仪式城市

DOI：
10.1016/j.jaa.2021.101308
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Rice, Prudence M.;Pugh, Timothy W.
通讯作者：
Pugh, Timothy W.

MIDDLE PRECLASSIC HYDRAULIC PLANNING AT NIXTUN-CH'ICH', PETEN, GUATEMALA

危地马拉佩滕 NIXTUN-CHICH 的中古水利规划

DOI：
10.1017/s0956536121000274
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Ancient Mesoamerica
影响因子：
0.7
作者：
Pugh, Timothy W.;Rice, Prudence M.;Chan Nieto, Evelyn M.;Meranda, Marie L.;Milley, David S.
通讯作者：
Milley, David S.

Complexity, Cooperation, and Public Goods: Quality of Place at Nixtun-Ch'ich', Petén, Guatemala

复杂性、合作和公共产品：危地马拉佩滕 Nixtun-Chich 的场所质量