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Contemporary and long-term erosion in a pristine African Savanna, Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa

南非共和国克鲁格国家公园原始非洲稀树草原的当代和长期侵蚀

基本信息

批准号：
243097849
负责人：
Privatdozent Dr. Jussi Baade
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl Physische Geographie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/243097849?language=en
关键词：
Contemporary long term erosion pristine

项目摘要

Sustainable soil management requires information on present day natural rates of erosion in order to develop generally accepted management goals. Unfortunately, data on rates of natural erosion from uncultivated land under current climate conditions are difficult to find. This holds especially for southern Africa, where human induced soil erosion is believed to exceed natural rates by one or two orders of magnitude, depending on the methodological approach. Here, we propose to establish and compare contemporary and long-term natural erosion rates for an African savanna environment by investigating long-term denudation, contemporary sediment yield and sediment sources in a nature conservation area, i.e. the Kruger National Park (KNP). The KNP, located in the dry Lowveld savanna in the NE part of the Republic of South Africa is particularly suited for this study because the area was set aside for wild life conservation over 100 years ago and never experienced agricultural development. Furthermore, KNP is an exceptionally well documented area and SANParks Scientific Services at Skukuza provides full access to its data base, including a number of data sets relevant to this study on erosion (e.g., DEMs, geology, soils, vegetation and vegetation change, fire records, precipitation, drainage, aerial photos).Taking into account variation in endogenetic (geology, soils and relief) and exogenetic (climate and vegetation) drivers of erosion the objectives of this joint research project are:1) The determination of contemporary average near-natural sediment yield rates on the catchment scale based on volumetric mapping and assessment of the sediment deposited in reservoirs established 40 to 80 years ago. 2) The determination of the late Quaternary rates of erosion in this rather low relief savanna environment using cosmogenic nuclides and a comparison with the contemporary erosion rates. 3) The identification and quantification of major sediment sources within the catchments using sediment finger printing methods in order to apportion sediment yield to contributing areas of the catchment. The anticipated results will advance the understanding of the late Quaternary geomorphodynamic evolution and trajectories of savanna environments. They will provide valuable data for an assessment of the soil preservation ecosystem services of a nature conservation area when compared to the abundant data on soil erosion from cultivated land. In addition, the results are of importance for the foundation and justification of soil and water management goals in the dry savanna regions of South Africa and neighboring countries by providing contemporary and long-term natural erosion baseline rates.

可持续的土壤管理需要关于当今自然侵蚀率的信息，以便制定普遍接受的管理目标。不幸的是，在目前的气候条件下，很难找到关于未开垦土地自然侵蚀率的数据。南部非洲尤其如此，据信那里人为造成的土壤侵蚀超过自然侵蚀率一个或两个数量级，这取决于所采用的方法。在这里，我们建议建立和比较当代和长期的自然侵蚀速率为非洲稀树草原环境调查长期剥蚀，当代产沙量和沉积物来源的自然保护区，即克鲁格国家公园（KNP）。KNP位于南非共和国东北部干燥的Lowveld稀树大草原，特别适合这项研究，因为该地区在100多年前被用于野生动物保护，从未经历过农业发展。此外，KNP是一个记录非常完整的地区，Skukuza的SANParks科学服务提供了对其数据库的全面访问，包括与本侵蚀研究相关的一些数据集（例如，考虑到侵蚀的内生驱动因素（地质、土壤和地貌）和外生驱动因素（气候和植被）的变化，这一联合研究项目的目标是：1）根据40至80年前建立的水库中沉积的沉积物的体积测绘和评估，确定集水区尺度上当代平均近自然沉积物产生率。2)利用宇宙成因核素测定低起伏稀树草原环境中的晚第四纪侵蚀速率，并与当代侵蚀速率进行比较。3)使用沉积物指纹法识别和量化流域内的主要沉积物来源，以便将沉积物产量分配给流域的贡献区域。预期的结果将促进晚第四纪地貌动力学演化和稀树草原环境的轨迹的理解。与耕地土壤侵蚀的大量数据相比，这些数据将为自然保护区土壤保持生态系统服务的评估提供有价值的数据。此外，研究结果是重要的基础和合理性的土壤和水管理目标在干燥的热带稀树草原地区的南非和邻国提供当代和长期的自然侵蚀基准率。