RAPID: Multiphase flow physics driving respiratory infectious disease transmission

RAPID：多相流物理驱动呼吸道传染病传播

• 批准号: 2026225
• 负责人: Lydia Bourouiba
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-15 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2026225&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Multiphase; flow; physics; driving

The current COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak vividly demonstrates the acute global danger emanating from a local event in a hyperconnected world. A key public health challenge is the immediate reduction in host-to-host transmission events, particularly in front-line healthcare workers taking direct care of COVID-19 patients. Such patients often have to undergo medical procedures that induce respiratory emissions and thereby put healthcare workers at risk. This RAPID project aims to reduce the host-to-host transmission of COVID-19 during such “aerosol” emission-producing medical procedures by developing, testing, and deploying fluid-dynamics-based solutions at the patient’s bedside that can essentially syphon off the emissions coming from a patient and protect healthcare workers and other personnel.This RAPID project seeks to develop such non-pharmacologic containment approaches by first visualizing and quantifying the multiphase nature of respiratory emissions during exhalations, coughs, and aerosol-generating medical procedures pertinent to COVID-19 patients. Based on that quantification, the project will model and quantify the impact of locally applied multiphase flow control for containing, diverting, and collecting the pathogen-laden emissions from the patient and thus reduce exposure to healthcare providers. Finally, the project will develop rapid prototype systems for deployment at the patient’s bedside in clinically relevant settings. The benefits of the project to healthcare professionals and the public rest with the rapid development of concrete and actionable non-pharmacological interventions to curb host-to-host transmission of respiratory infectious diseases and in particular protection of healthcare workers at the frontline of this historic pandemic.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当前的 COVID-19 冠状病毒爆发生动地表明了高度互联世界中的局部事件所引发的严重全球危险。一个关键的公共卫生挑战是立即减少宿主间传播事件，特别是直接护理 COVID-19 患者的一线医护人员。此类患者通常必须接受导致呼吸道排放的医疗程序，从而使医护人员面临危险。该 RAPID 项目旨在通过在患者床边开发、测试和部署基于流体动力学的解决方案，减少在此类产生“气溶胶”排放的医疗程序中 COVID-19 的宿主间传播，该解决方案基本上可以吸走患者的排放物并保护医护人员和其他人员。该 RAPID 项目旨在通过首先可视化和量化 与 COVID-19 患者相关的呼气、咳嗽和产生气溶胶的医疗程序期间呼吸排放物的多相性质。基于该量化，该项目将对本地应用的多相流控制的影响进行建模和量化，以遏制、转移和收集患者携带病原体的排放物，从而减少对医疗保健提供者的接触。最后，该项目将开发快速原型系统，以便在临床相关环境中部署在患者床边。该项目为医疗保健专业人员和公众带来了好处，迅速发展了具体且可操作的非药物干预措施，以遏制呼吸道传染病的宿主间传播，特别是保护了这一历史性大流行前线的医护人员。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持 标准。

项目成果

The return to school is welcome, but we must minimise shared air.

欢迎重返学校，但我们必须尽量减少共用空气。

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: BMJ
• 作者: Queshi, Z.;Greenhalgh, T.;Bourouiba, L.
• 通讯作者: Bourouiba, L.

How did we get here: what are droplets and aerosols and how far do they go? A historical perspective on the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases.

• DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0049
• 发表时间: 2021-12-06
• 期刊: Interface focus
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Randall K;Ewing ET;Marr LC;Jimenez JL;Bourouiba L
• 通讯作者: Bourouiba L

Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and Their Application to COVID-19 Outbreaks

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06531
• 发表时间: 2022-01-18
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Peng, Z.;Pineda Rojas, A. L.;Jimenez, J. L.
• 通讯作者: Jimenez, J. L.