Paleodemographic and ancient DNA study of a potential epidemic site

潜在流行地点的古人口学和古代 DNA 研究

• 批准号: 2040388
• 负责人: Qian Wang
• 金额: $ 31万
• 依托单位: The Texas A&M University System HSC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2040388&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Paleodemographic; ancient; DNA; study; potential

Infectious diseases such as the medieval Black Death (plague), 20th-century Ebola, and SARS-CoV-2 have shaped patterns of human mortality past and present. This project advances our understanding of human infectious diseases and their impact on human populations and societies. The investigators bring together bioarchaeological, genetic, and paleoepidemiological expertise to examine a prehistoric settlement where signs of epidemic disease and catastrophic mortality have been detected. The project can advance knowledge of how deadly infectious diseases have behaved and evolved in human populations and broadens the comparative context for modern-day research on disease prediction, prevention, and control. The project also supports student training and mentoring in STEM, public science outreach efforts, and international scientific collaborations. The researchers reconstruct health and mortality profiles in addition to estimating demographic information and pathological indicators. Mortality patterns are compared to those of other known deadly infectious diseases, especially the Black Death, during which the elderly and frail individuals of all ages were disproportionately killed. In addition, bone and tooth samples are collected for genetic analysis using state-of-the-art techniques to identify the pathogen that caused the catastrophic mortality. With a pathogen identification the investigators can examine geographic and temporal variation in the mortality patterns it produced. The project data can generate models available to researchers interested in further analyses of genetic and environmental factors influencing human health and disease in past populations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

传染病，如中世纪的黑死病(鼠疫)、20世纪的埃博拉和SARS-CoV-2，过去和现在都塑造了人类死亡的模式。该项目促进了我们对人类传染病及其对人类人口和社会的影响的了解。研究人员将生物考古学、遗传学和古流行病学的专业知识结合在一起，检查了一个史前聚居地，在那里发现了流行病和灾难性死亡的迹象。该项目可以促进对致命传染病在人类群体中如何表现和演变的了解，并拓宽现代疾病预测、预防和控制研究的比较背景。该项目还支持在STEM、公共科学推广工作和国际科学合作方面的学生培训和指导。除了估计人口统计信息和病理指标外，研究人员还重建了健康和死亡概况。死亡模式与其他已知的致命传染病的死亡模式进行了比较，特别是黑死病，在黑死病期间，各个年龄段的年老体弱的人都被不成比例地杀死。此外，还收集了骨骼和牙齿样本，使用最先进的技术进行遗传分析，以确定导致灾难性死亡的病原体。有了病原体鉴定，研究人员可以检查其产生的死亡模式的地理和时间变化。项目数据可以生成模型，供有兴趣进一步分析影响人类健康和过去人口疾病的遗传和环境因素的研究人员使用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

In search of earliest records of Plague endemic: Past research and new endeavors

寻找鼠疫流行的最早记录：过去的研究和新的努力

• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Asian journal of paleopathology
• 作者: Simon, Mark;Zhang, Quanchao;Sikora, Martin;Willmott, Hugh;DeWitte, Sharon;Wang, Qian
• 通讯作者: Wang, Qian