SCC-CIVIC-PG Track B: Knowledge-to-Action: Enhance Community Disaster Preparedness and Resiliency through Physical and Virtual Drills

该项目将使用社区能力方法（CCA）来实现备灾和抗灾能力，并补充侧重于社区资源可用性的社区资本框架（CCF）。CCA框架侧重于社区为“吸收、恢复和更成功地适应不良事件”而采取和实施的政策和计划。CCF的基础是应急管理的基本框架——减轻危害、防备、应对和恢复。为了实现这一愿景，这个项目的目标是建立一个跨学科、跨部门的知识到行动网络。该网络将共同开发新的社区大学伙伴关系（CUP），以实现以证据为导向的解决方案，促进疏散准备，从而提高社区复原力。这种参与范围的扩大使项目团队能够(1)举办虚拟KTAN研讨会，共同设计物理现实/虚拟现实（PR/VR）演习和恢复计划；(2)制定准备的定量指标；(3)开展以人群为重点的包容性活动。该项目将(1)产生重大的社会影响，使社区领导人、成员、应急响应人员、地方和州应急管理人员(EMs)/事件指挥官（ICs）以及研究人员参与进来；(2)实现社会科学、工程科学和计算机科学的跨学科整合，在它们的交叉点激发新颖的思想。该项目弥补了在连接理论框架和新兴工具方面的现有差距，以帮助识别和评估社区准备和复原力计划中的差距。该项目特别使用PR/VR演习的组合，通过新的CUP验证疏散准备的指标。项目团队有两个目标：(1)开发一种适合PR/VR演习的技术，以测试疏散计划/程序的有效性，从而识别其中的差距；(2)对EMs/ ic进行调查，收集有关当局决策时间、分布、EMs过去在演习和实际疏散中的经验等数据，以确定如何更有效地设计演习来测试计划。关键创新是：(1)新的跨部门KTAN，将理论研究转化为可操作的计划；(2)使用PR/VR演练来评估计划/程序的有效性；(3)创新性地使用手机app和前后调查来收集参与者的行动和风险感知变化；(4)将酒店、特殊设施（如学校、医院、养老院、监狱）和弱势群体（如残疾人、低收入者和部落社区）的居民和访客纳入其中；(5)准确估计疏散时间估算（ETE）分量。该项目将促进跨学科合作，并开发新的合作伙伴关系，以加强社区备灾和抗灾能力。这个项目是响应轨道B -公民创新挑战-自然灾害复原力与国家科学基金会和国土安全部的合作。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project will use a community capabilities approach (CCA) to achieve disaster preparedness and resilience that complements a community capitals framework (CCF) which focuses on the community’s availability of resources. A CCA framework focuses on the policies and plans that communities have adopted and implemented to “absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events”. The CCF is based on the fundamental framework of emergency management - hazard mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. To operationalize this vision, the objective of this project is to establish a transdisciplinary cross-sector knowledge-to-action network (KTAN). This network will co-develop new community-university partnerships (CUP) to enable evidence-driven solutions that foster evacuation preparedness and, thus, community resilience. This broadening of participation allows the project team to (1) hold virtual KTAN workshops to co-design physical reality/virtual reality (PR/VR) drills and resilience programs; (2) develop quantitative metrics of preparedness; and (3) create inclusive activities that focus on population segments. This project will (1) yield significant societal impacts to engage community leaders, members, emergency responders, local and state emergency managers (EMs)/incident commanders (ICs), and researchers; (2) achieve interdisciplinary integration of social, engineering, and computer science to spark novel ideas at the intersection of them. This project bridges existing gaps in connecting theoretical frameworks and emerging tools to help identify and assess the gaps in community preparedness and resilience programs. This project specifically uses a combination of PR/VR drills to validate indicators of evacuation preparedness through a new CUP. The project team has two goals: (1) develop an appropriate technology for PR/VR drills that tests the effectiveness of evacuation plans/procedures and, thus, identifies gaps in them; (2) conduct a survey of EMs/ICs to collect data on authorities’ decision-making times, distributions, and EMs’ past experiences in drills and actual evacuations to determine how drills can be designed more effectively to test plans. The key innovations are (1) the new cross-sector KTAN that translates theoretical research into actionable programs; (2) the use of PR/VR drills to assess the effectiveness of plans/procedures; (3) the innovative use of a phone app and pre/post surveys to collect participants’ movements and risk perception changes; (4) the inclusion of residents and visitors at hotels, special facilities (e.g., schools, hospitals, nursing homes, jails), and vulnerable groups (e.g., people with disabilities, low-income, and tribal communities); (5) the accurate estimation of evacuation time estimate (ETE) components. This project will foster interdisciplinary collaborations and develop new CUPs to enhance community disaster preparedness and resilience.This project is in response to Track B - CIVIC Innovation Challenge - Resilience to Natural Disasters a collaboration with NSF and the Department of Homeland Security.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.