EAGER: SAI: A Study of Mitigation Decisions for America's Coastal Residential Infrastructure

EAGER：SAI：美国沿海住宅基础设施缓解决策研究

• 批准号: 2122117
• 负责人: Tracy Kijewski-Correa
• 金额: $ 29.18万
• 依托单位: University of Notre Dame
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2122117&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; SAI; Study; Mitigation; Decisions

Strengthening American Infrastructure (SAI) is an NSF Program seeking to stimulate human-centered fundamental and potentially transformative research that strengthens America’s infrastructure. Effective infrastructure provides a strong foundation for socioeconomic vitality and broad quality of life improvement. Strong, reliable, and effective infrastructure spurs private-sector innovation, grows the economy, creates jobs, makes public-sector service provision more efficient, strengthens communities, promotes equal opportunity, protects the natural environment, enhances national security, and fuels American leadership. To achieve these goals requires expertise from across the science and engineering disciplines. SAI focuses on how knowledge of human reasoning and decision making, governance, and social and cultural processes enables the building and maintenance of effective infrastructure that improves lives and society and builds on advances in technology and engineering.This study examines the perspectives and decisions of homeowners who reside in coastal communities that are subject to extreme weather events, such as hurricanes. Residents have opportunities to strengthen their homes against the risk of hurricanes, and the decisions to make these investments depend in part on their assessments of the risks and possible consequences. To make informed decisions, homeowners need to know not only the risks of extreme weather, but also how different types of homes and building materials are impacted by extreme weather. In order to assess the cognitive basis for these decisions, the researchers aim to assess perspectives and experiences via a diverse, representative survey of homeowners in a coastal region that includes residents who have been directly impacted by hurricanes. This study supports the development of sustainable residential infrastructure in regions that are subject to extreme weather. The study also provides opportunities for the training of graduate students in the methods of scientific data collection and analysis.By drawing on interdisciplinary methods and data archives, this project develops a new methodological framework that identifies features of homes in the study region, the damage they sustained in a hurricane, and the inferred characteristics of residential households. Equipped with these data, which allow for robust sampling methods, the researchers aim to administer a standardized survey with modules suitable for testing site-specific and event-specific hypotheses regarding homeowner decision processes following a major hurricane. These sampling and survey data enable researchers to efficiently deploy this methodology following major hurricanes across different coastal communities. The responses of survey participants allow the researchers to examine multiple research questions. For instance, do homeowners perceive the risk of catastrophic loss, or have building codes unintentionally fostered a false sense of security? How do experiences of direct losses versus indirect impacts influence risk perceptions and voluntary uptake of enhanced construction standards among homeowners? How do household economic and social dynamics influence the decision to reduce hurricane risks through enhanced construction standards? The answers to these questions can help local stakeholders to craft policies that incentivize homeowners to strengthen residential infrastructure in areas that are subject to natural disasters.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

加强美国基础设施（SAI）是NSF的一项计划，旨在促进以人为本的基础和潜在的变革性研究，以加强美国的基础设施。有效的基础设施为社会经济活力和广泛改善生活质量奠定了坚实的基础。强大、可靠和有效的基础设施刺激私营部门创新，促进经济增长，创造就业机会，提高公共部门服务提供的效率，加强社区建设，促进机会平等，保护自然环境，增强国家安全，并推动美国的领导地位。为了实现这些目标，需要来自科学和工程学科的专业知识。SAI专注于人类推理和决策，治理以及社会和文化过程的知识如何使建设和维护有效的基础设施，改善生活和社会，并建立在技术和工程的进步。这项研究探讨了居住在沿海社区的房主的观点和决定，这些社区受到极端天气事件的影响，如飓风。居民有机会加强他们的家园以抵御飓风的风险，而做出这些投资的决定部分取决于他们对风险和可能后果的评估。为了做出明智的决定，房主不仅需要知道极端天气的风险，还需要知道不同类型的房屋和建筑材料如何受到极端天气的影响。为了评估这些决定的认知基础，研究人员旨在通过对沿海地区房主的多样化，代表性调查来评估观点和经验，其中包括直接受到飓风影响的居民。这项研究支持在受极端天气影响的地区发展可持续的住宅基础设施。该研究还为研究生提供了科学数据收集和分析方法的培训机会。通过利用跨学科方法和数据档案，该项目开发了一个新的方法框架，该框架可以识别研究区域房屋的特征、它们在飓风中遭受的损失以及住宅家庭的推断特征。配备了这些数据，允许强大的抽样方法，研究人员的目标是管理一个标准化的调查与模块，适合测试特定地点和特定事件的假设，关于房主决策过程后，一个大飓风。这些采样和调查数据使研究人员能够在不同沿海社区发生重大飓风后有效地部署这种方法。调查参与者的回答允许研究人员检查多个研究问题。例如，房主是否意识到了灾难性损失的风险，或者建筑规范是否无意中培养了一种虚假的安全感？直接损失与间接影响的经历如何影响风险认知和房主对提高建筑标准的自愿接受？家庭经济和社会动态如何影响通过提高建筑标准减少飓风风险的决定？这些问题的答案可以帮助当地利益相关者制定政策，激励房主加强受自然灾害影响地区的住宅基础设施。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。