RAPID: Multi-Hazard Performance of Load Bearing Wall Systems: A Case Study in Haiti following the January 2010 Earthquake and October 2016 Hurricane Matthew

RAPID：承重墙系统的多重灾害性能：2010 年 1 月地震和 2016 年 10 月马修飓风后海地的案例研究

• 批准号: 1709357
• 负责人: Tracy Kijewski-Correa
• 金额: $ 2.5万
• 依托单位: University of Notre Dame
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-15 至 2017-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1709357&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Multi; Hazard; Performance; Load

This grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will enable a team of wind, coastal, and structural engineers from the University of Notre Dame and the University of Florida to conduct a forensic analysis across the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti to examine the performance of low-rise construction during the October 2016 Hurricane Matthew. Strengthening community resilience to natural disasters depends critically on improving construction practices across a private sector dominated by low-rise buildings. This issue becomes particularly urgent for coastal communities, where hurricane risk is escalating under changing sea levels and climate conditions. Historically, masonry load bearing wall systems had served as a trusted mode of low-rise construction in such settings. For example, builders in the southeastern United States commonly use masonry for churches, schools, commercial buildings, and even residences. Despite their popularity, the vulnerabilities in these systems to natural hazards can be significant, particularly within states that have yet to enact statewide minimum building standards. Regrettably, these vulnerabilities are only revealed under extreme wind, wave, and storm surge loads associated with the passage of major hurricanes. This makes the forensic analysis of building failures during major hurricanes a critical source of knowledge to improve the design state-of-the-art. The passage of Hurricane Matthew over Haiti in October 2016 provides an opportunity to conduct a forensic analysis of low-rise masonry building performance under one of the most significant hurricanes in recent history. This setting includes construction preferences that facilitate unique comparative analyses of variables known to influence performance of masonry buildings under wind, wave, and storm surge. Moreover, the fact that portions of Haiti have recently undergone reconstruction, following the devastating January 2010 earthquake in that country, with greater vigilance toward seismic detailing, furthers the potential for impact, as there has been no prior opportunity in the United States to explore the in-situ performance of structures under multiple significant hazards in a limited time period (strong earthquake followed by major hurricane). Through a combination of aerial and ground-based techniques, the multi-institutional team will collect perishable data to answer the following questions: (1) How did traditional masonry structural systems perform under hurricane wind, wave, and storm surge? (2) How did the new structural systems that have emerged in response to the 2010 earthquake and aseismically detailed traditional masonry systems perform in this major hurricane? (3) How does the performance of traditional masonry load bearing walls in Hurricane Matthew compare to that observed in the 2010 earthquake? How can this inform future multi-hazard designs? These insights will contribute to advancing more resilient, multi-hazard construction practices to reduce future losses of life and property.

这笔快速响应研究 (RAPID) 拨款将使来自圣母大学和佛罗里达大学的风能、海岸和结构工程师团队能够在海地蒂伯龙半岛进行取证分析，以检查 2016 年 10 月飓风马修期间低层建筑的性能。 加强社区抵御自然灾害的能力在很大程度上取决于改善以低层建筑为主的私营部门的建筑实践。对于沿海社区来说，这个问题变得尤为紧迫，因为海平面和气候条件的变化导致飓风风险不断升级。从历史上看，砖石承重墙系统一直是此类环境中值得信赖的低层建筑模式。例如，美国东南部的建筑商通常使用砖石建造教堂、学校、商业建筑甚至住宅。尽管它们很受欢迎，但这些系统在自然灾害面前的脆弱性可能很大，特别是在尚未颁布全州最低建筑标准的州内。遗憾的是，这些漏洞只有在与重大飓风经过相关的极端风、波浪和风暴潮载荷下才会显现出来。这使得对重大飓风期间建筑故障的法医分析成为提高设计水平的关键知识来源。 2016 年 10 月，飓风“马修”席卷海地，为近代历史上最严重的飓风之一对低层砖石建筑的性能进行法证分析提供了机会。该设置包括施工偏好，有助于对已知影响砖石建筑在风、波浪和风暴潮下性能的变量进行独特的比较分析。此外，海地部分地区在 2010 年 1 月发生毁灭性地震后最近进行了重建，对地震细节更加警惕，这进一步增加了影响的可能性，因为美国之前没有机会在有限的时间内探索结构在多种重大灾害（强震后发生大飓风）下的现场性能。通过空中和地面技术的结合，多机构团队将收集易腐烂的数据来回答以下问题：（1）传统砖石结构系统在飓风、波浪和风暴潮下表现如何？ (2) 为应对 2010 年地震而出现的新结构体系和抗震详细的传统砖石体系在这场大飓风中表现如何？ (3) 传统砖石承重墙在马修飓风中的性能与 2010 年地震中观察到的性能相比如何？这如何为未来的多灾种设计提供信息？这些见解将有助于推进更具弹性、应对多种危险的建筑实践，以减少未来的生命和财产损失。