RAPID: Multi-Hazard Performance of Load Bearing Wall Systems: A Case Study in Haiti following the January 2010 Earthquake and October 2016 Hurricane Matthew

这项快速反应研究（RAPID）拨款将使圣母大学和佛罗里达大学的风，海岸和结构工程师团队能够在海地的Tiburon半岛进行法医分析，以检查低层建筑的性能在2016年10月飓风马修期间。 加强社区抵御自然灾害的能力，关键取决于改善以低层建筑为主的私营部门的建筑做法。这一问题对于沿海社区尤为紧迫，因为在不断变化的海平面和气候条件下，飓风风险正在升级。从历史上看，砖石承重墙系统曾在这种环境中作为一种值得信赖的低层建筑模式。例如，美国东南部的建筑商通常将砖石用于教堂，学校，商业建筑，甚至住宅。尽管这些系统很受欢迎，但它们对自然灾害的脆弱性可能很大，特别是在尚未颁布全州最低建筑标准的州内。令人遗憾的是，这些脆弱性只在与主要飓风通过相关的极端风、浪和风暴潮载荷下才显现出来。这使得在主要飓风期间对建筑物故障的法医分析成为改进最先进设计的关键知识来源。 2016年10月，飓风马修在海地上空经过，这为我们提供了一个机会，可以对近年来最严重的飓风之一下的低层砌体建筑性能进行法医分析。此设置包括构造首选项，这些首选项有助于对已知会影响风、波浪和风暴潮下砖石建筑性能的变量进行独特的比较分析。此外，在2010年1月海地发生毁灭性地震后，该国部分地区最近进行了重建，对地震细节更加警惕，这进一步增加了影响的可能性，因为美国以前没有机会在有限的时间内探索结构在多种重大灾害（强烈地震后是大飓风）下的现场性能。通过空中和地面技术的结合，多机构团队将收集易腐数据，以回答以下问题：（1）传统的砌体结构系统在飓风，海浪和风暴潮下的表现如何？(2)在2010年地震中出现的新结构系统和抗震细致的传统砌体系统在这次大飓风中表现如何？(3)与2010年地震中观察到的相比，传统砌体承重墙在飓风马修中的表现如何？这将如何为未来的多危险设计提供信息？这些见解将有助于推进更具弹性的多灾害建筑实践，以减少未来的生命和财产损失。

This grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will enable a team of wind, coastal, and structural engineers from the University of Notre Dame and the University of Florida to conduct a forensic analysis across the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti to examine the performance of low-rise construction during the October 2016 Hurricane Matthew. Strengthening community resilience to natural disasters depends critically on improving construction practices across a private sector dominated by low-rise buildings. This issue becomes particularly urgent for coastal communities, where hurricane risk is escalating under changing sea levels and climate conditions. Historically, masonry load bearing wall systems had served as a trusted mode of low-rise construction in such settings. For example, builders in the southeastern United States commonly use masonry for churches, schools, commercial buildings, and even residences. Despite their popularity, the vulnerabilities in these systems to natural hazards can be significant, particularly within states that have yet to enact statewide minimum building standards. Regrettably, these vulnerabilities are only revealed under extreme wind, wave, and storm surge loads associated with the passage of major hurricanes. This makes the forensic analysis of building failures during major hurricanes a critical source of knowledge to improve the design state-of-the-art. The passage of Hurricane Matthew over Haiti in October 2016 provides an opportunity to conduct a forensic analysis of low-rise masonry building performance under one of the most significant hurricanes in recent history. This setting includes construction preferences that facilitate unique comparative analyses of variables known to influence performance of masonry buildings under wind, wave, and storm surge. Moreover, the fact that portions of Haiti have recently undergone reconstruction, following the devastating January 2010 earthquake in that country, with greater vigilance toward seismic detailing, furthers the potential for impact, as there has been no prior opportunity in the United States to explore the in-situ performance of structures under multiple significant hazards in a limited time period (strong earthquake followed by major hurricane). Through a combination of aerial and ground-based techniques, the multi-institutional team will collect perishable data to answer the following questions: (1) How did traditional masonry structural systems perform under hurricane wind, wave, and storm surge? (2) How did the new structural systems that have emerged in response to the 2010 earthquake and aseismically detailed traditional masonry systems perform in this major hurricane? (3) How does the performance of traditional masonry load bearing walls in Hurricane Matthew compare to that observed in the 2010 earthquake? How can this inform future multi-hazard designs? These insights will contribute to advancing more resilient, multi-hazard construction practices to reduce future losses of life and property.