In-situ-analysis of ice particles in the solar system: application, methods, instrument developement

太阳系中冰粒子的原位分析：应用、方法、仪器开发

• 批准号: 248701662
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Frank Postberg
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme (IRS)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/248701662?language=en
• 关键词: situ; analysis; ice; particles; solar

The better part of condensed matter in the outer solar system (beginning roughly at the asteroid belt) consists of water ice. Current findings on the composition of icy surfaces and particles are almost exclusively based on absorption-spectroscopy, particularly in the infrared range. However, in this way, compounds that are embedded in a water ice matrix can only be investigated to a certain degree. This applies in particular to anorganic components, which are often only slightly active or even inactive in the infrared range. Many organic compounds are also difficult to identify, much less to quantify, by absorption-spectroscopy.The comprehensive goal of the requested funds, conjoint with a Heisenberg Fellowship, is the chemical characterisation of icy bodies in the solar system by means of a new method. This is done through in situ mass spectrometry of ice particles in space, which collide with the appropriate detectors at high speed. If the particles' origins are known, the composition and geochemistry of the mother body can also be characterised. This approach, the capabilities of which have been impressively shown through Cassini's Cosmic Dust Analyser (CDA), is particularly well suited to icy materials and complements absorption-spectroscopy. Within the framework of the proposed research programme, the in situ mass spectrometry shall be applied and further developed. For that purpose, data from current space missions (Cassini, Rosetta) will be analysed and future missions will be prepared for an optimal science return. This is supported by a series of lab experiments with icy analogue materials. In sub-project 1, the previous work with Cassini-CDA data will be expanded to a qualitatively new level. The target is a comprehensive, systematic description of the composition of icy materials in the Saturnian system. From this, comprehensive insights into the composition of Saturn's ring system and its cryo-volcanic active icy moon Enceladus can be derived. Enceladus ice fountains, which emerge through warm cracks in the moon's icy crust, are fed by liquid water and may provide valuable information about the moon's astrobiological potential. A core resource for the interpretation of CDA mass spectra will be the use of the analogue experiments as described in sub-project 2. These devices simulate high-speed impacts of ice particles onto the detector plate and are extremely helpful in the interpretation of space data. However, this method applies not only to CDA spectra, but also to the data of other current or future space missions, e.g. Rosetta. Existing national and international cooperations and investments will be used and further expanded

外太阳系（大致从小行星带开始）的凝聚物质的大部分由水冰组成。目前对冰表面和颗粒成分的研究几乎完全基于吸收光谱学，特别是在红外范围内。然而，通过这种方式，嵌入水冰基质中的化合物只能在一定程度上进行研究。这特别适用于无机组分，其在红外范围内通常仅具有轻微活性或甚至不具有活性。许多有机化合物也很难通过吸收光谱法进行识别，更不用说量化了。所申请资金的综合目标与海森堡奖学金相结合，是通过一种新的方法来确定太阳系中冰冷天体的化学特征。这是通过对空间中的冰粒子进行原位质谱分析来完成的，这些冰粒子以高速与适当的探测器碰撞。如果知道这些粒子的来源，就可以确定其母体的成分和地球化学特征。这种方法的能力已经通过卡西尼号的宇宙尘埃分析仪（CDA）令人印象深刻地显示出来，特别适合于冰冷的材料和补充吸收光谱学。在拟议的研究方案框架内，应应用和进一步发展现场质谱法。为此目的，将分析当前空间飞行任务（卡西尼号、罗塞塔号）的数据，并为今后的飞行任务做好准备，以获得最佳的科学回报。这得到了一系列使用冰冷模拟材料的实验室实验的支持。在分项目1中，以前使用卡西尼-CDA数据的工作将扩大到一个质量上的新水平。目标是全面、系统地描述土星系统中冰物质的组成。从这一点上，可以得出对土星环系统及其低温火山活动的冰卫星土卫二的组成的全面见解。土卫二的冰喷泉，从月球冰壳的温暖裂缝中出现，由液态水提供，可能提供有关月球天体生物学潜力的宝贵信息。解释CDA质谱的一个核心资源是使用子项目2中描述的模拟实验。这些装置模拟冰粒对探测板的高速撞击，对空间数据的解释极为有用。然而，这种方法不仅适用于CDA光谱，而且适用于其他当前或未来空间任务的数据，例如Rosetta。将利用并进一步扩大现有的国家和国际合作与投资