Elephantine in Context

该研究项目旨在考察波斯时期埃及(公元前5-4世纪)尼罗河象牙岛上的犹太军事驻军。这项调查打破了倾向于只关注伊莱芬丁的犹太群体的学术限制，希望考虑到这一群体与埃及土著人口、统治波斯精英和驻扎在对面锡内岛的其他种族之间的历史和社会互动。阿拉姆语的纸莎草纸和鸵鸟已经提到了这些群体。此外，我们还有文本本身。20世纪初，在柏林博物馆的主持下进行的挖掘不仅出土了亚拉姆语纸莎草纸，还出土了埃及人和埃及人的文字。这一证据以及纸莎草中提到的相互作用引发了上下文中的大象问题。到目前为止，上述证据一直被学术界忽视，只能通过跨学科研究才能获得。在这里，我们正在思考埃及学的贡献，在相当长的一段时间里，埃及学假定在波斯和希腊化-罗马时期是一个多元文化的埃及社会。相比之下，圣经学术界尚未接受这一观点。主要是因为来自象牙的材料要么被视为边缘现象，要么按照贝萨莱尔·波滕在1968年提出的路线进行解释，根据圣经对第二(耶路撒冷)圣殿时期的“犹太教”的看法。从这个角度来看，剩下的种族被视为“他者”，历史和社会联系被描述为“异教徒联系”。在研究项目中，将从两个方向探讨语境中的大象这一主题。这些文本将分成两个部分项目(Teilprojekt)进行调查，这些文本要么是多文化接受的(关于Achiqar组成的TP1)，要么是包含内部和外部联系的具体证据(关于信件和合同的TP 2)。这两个项目都辅之以一个子项目，该项目将从社会学的角度分析文本证据，并调查将历史社会学的最新理论应用于文本语料库的可能性。该项目由Bernd Schipper(柏林)领导，他是圣经和埃及智慧文献方面的专家，同时将对TP1进行演讲。莱因哈德·克拉茨(Göttingen，TP2)和鲍勃·贝金(Bob Becking，乌得勒支)这两位国际大象研究的主要权威也将成为研究小组的成员。此外，该项目还与目前由柏林埃及博物馆在Verena Lepper的指导下对大象的民众纸莎草纸、象形纸纸莎草纸和阿拉姆纸草纸进行的科学检查有关。

The research project aims at an investigation oft the Judean military garrison on the Nile island of Elephantine in the context of Persian Period Egypt (5th-4th century B.C.E). The investigation breaks with the scholarly confines that tend to focus solely on the group of the Judeans at Elephantine and wants to take into account the historical and social interaction of this group with the indigenous Egyptian population, the ruling Persian elite and the other ethnicities stationed on the facing island of Syene. Already the Aramaic papyri and ostraca mention these groups. Additionally we have the text themselves. Excavations under the auspices of the Berlin Museum at the beginning of the 20th century have not only unearthed Aramaic papyri but also Demotic and Egyptian-Hieratic texts. This evidence as well as the interaction mentioned in the papyri prompts the question of Elephantine in Context. The evidence mentioned above has thus far been neglected by scholarship and it can only be rendered accessible by interdisciplinary research. Here we are thinking of the contribution of Egyptology that assumes for quite some time now a multicultural Egyptian society during the Persian and Hellenistic-Roman period. Biblical scholarship in contrast has not yet accepted this view. Mainly because the material from Elephantine is either regarded as a marginal phenomenon or interpreted along the lines proposed by Bezalel Porten in 1968 in light of a biblical view of a 'Judaism' during the Second (Jerusalem) Temple period. In this perspective the remaining ethnicities are seen as 'the other' and the historical and social contacts are described as 'pagan contacts'. In the research project the topic of Elephantine in Context will be approached from two directions. Disseminated into two partial projects (Teilprojekt) the texts will be investigated that are either multi-culturally received (TP1 on the Achiqar composition) or contain concrete evidence for internal and external contacts (TP 2 on letters and contracts). Both projects are supplemented by a sub-project that will analyse the textual evidence from a sociological perspective and investigate the possibility of applying recent theories from historical sociology to the textual corpus. The project is headed by Bernd Schipper (Berlin) a specialist in biblical and Egyptian wisdom literature who, at the same time, will belabour TP1. Reinhard Kratz (Göttingen, TP2) and Bob Becking (Utrecht) two leading authorities of international research on Elephantine will also be part of the research team. Additionally the project is connected to the scientific inspection of the Demotic, Hieratic and Aramaic papyri from Elephantine currently done by the Egyptological Museum of Berlin under the guidance of Verena Lepper.