The What and When of Processing Projective Content

投射性内容（PC）的调查主要依赖于内省和离线方法，如句子系列测试和“嘿，等一下”测试。这些方法在描述PC的不同类别方面非常富有成效，并已应用于各种语言。在过去的十年里，这些结果得到了许多在线研究的支持，这些研究调查了由不同类型的PC驱动的处理步骤的绝对时间。然而，似乎仍然缺乏的是一幅精确的图片，描述了在文献中被归类为投射的表达的解释所涉及的程序步骤的相对时间。在这个项目中，我们的目的是为实验研究不同类型的PC处理中涉及的解释步骤相对于其他类型的语言信息（形态、句法、词汇）的相对时间奠定基础。该项目将关注三种类型的PC：独特性预设、表达性预设和可加性/排他性预设/隐含。所有三个调查分支都将基于pc发挥上下文幸福条件的假设；因此，我们将通过为目标句子提供不同类型的上下文来操纵包含PC触发器的目标句子的上下文属性。此外，所有三个分支都使用目标句子中（非PC）表达处理的时间过程作为锚点，相对于锚点，PC效应的时间将被测量。也就是说，我们将使用许多形态句法和词汇操作（依恋偏好，内隐因果关系的影响等）的既定效果作为基准，相对于PC影响的解释步骤的开始和展开可以测量。在项目的另一个平行部分，我们计划使用我们的材料的缩小版本来测试孩子们，以了解更多关于PC处理的获取。我们将采用离线和在线相结合的方法，其中包括幸福评分，2AFC任务有和没有鼠标跟踪。最重要的是，我们将在阅读中使用眼动追踪来确定解释步骤的确切时间。该项目将对xprak .de的总体优先项目做出两方面的贡献：一方面，我们希望进一步了解处理PC的心理语言学，即其处理和获取的表征和过程；此外，我们的结果将有助于为PC的实验研究提供方法选择。另一方面，我们关于处理不同类型PC的时间过程的结果将有助于讨论PC的异质性，并最终可能导致基于其处理行为的更细粒度的PC类型区分。

The investigation of projective content (PC) has mostly relied on introspective and off-line methods like the Family-of-sentences-test and the 'Hey, wait a minute'-test. These methods have been very fruitful in delineating the different classes of PC, and have been applied to a variety of languages. In the past ten years, these results have been backed up by a number of on-line studies investigating the absolute timing of processing steps driven by different types of PC. However, what still seems to be lacking is a precise picture of the relative timing of the procedural steps involved in the interpretation of expressions that are classified as projective in the literature.In this project, we aim at laying a foundation for the experimental study of the relative timing of interpretive steps involved in the processing of different types of PC relative to that of other types of linguistic information (morphological, syntactic, lexical). The project will be concerned with three types of PC: uniqueness presuppositions, expressives, and additivity/exclusivity presuppositions/implica-tures. All three branches of investigation will be based on the assumption that PCs exert contextual felicity conditions; hence, we will manipulate the contextual properties of target sentences containing triggers for PC by providing them with different types of context. Moreover, all three branches use the time-course of the processing of a (non-PC) expression in the target sentence as an anchor point relative to which the timing of the effects of PC will be measured. That is, we will use the well-established effects of a number of morphosyntactic and lexical manipulations (attachment preferences, effects of implicit causality, etc.) as a benchmark relative to which the onset and the unfolding of interpretive steps affected by PC can be measured. In a parallel part of the project, we plan to use down-sized versions of our materials for testing children to learn more about the acquisition of PC processing.We will employ a combination of off-line and on-line methods, among them felicity ratings, 2AFC tasks with and without mouse tracking. Most importantly, we will use eye tracking in reading to pinpoint the exact timing of interpretive steps.The contribution this project will make to the overall priority programme XPRAG.de is two-fold: on the one hand, we hope to further our understanding of the psycholinguistics of processing PC, i.e. of the representations and processes underlying its processing, and its acquisition; in addition, our results will contribute to the methodological options available for the experimental study of PC. On the other hand, our results on the time-course of processing different types of PC will contribute to the discussion of the heterogeneity of PC, and ultimately may lead to a more fine-grained distinction of types of PC based on their processing behaviour.