CPS: Small: Controlling Sub- and Supersynchronous Oscillations in Inverter-dominated Energy CPS

该NSF项目旨在解决可再生能源渗透率高的电网面临的振荡问题，这些电网正在扰乱系统运行。该项目将带来对这种现象的基本理解的革命性变化，并提出新的控制策略，通过利用电网的网络层(包括传感器和通信网络)来抑制振荡。这将通过对能够捕捉这种现象的网络物理电网进行建模的新方法以及即使在传感器测量中存在包括网络攻击在内的异常情况下也可以抑制这种振荡的集中式和分散式控制来实现。该项目的智力优势包括开发可计算管理的网络物理模型、用于从腐败中恢复数据的新型传感器分组和算法，以及不依赖于详细的可再生植物模型的控制方法。该项目的更广泛影响包括解决可再生能源整合的一个主要障碍，有助于应对气候变化，将拟议的夏令营研究与高中生整合起来，为代表不足的少数族裔提供暑期实习机会，为课程提供信息，并通过宾夕法尼亚州立大学的工程推广和融合中心让学生参与进来。拟议的项目有三个关键推动力，旨在解决存在逆变器资源(IBR)时的次同步和超同步振荡(SSO)。首先，提出了一种可扩展的、可计算管理的、可线性化的动态相量建模框架，该框架可用于具有高渗透率的IBR网格的非平衡仿真能力，并与具有数据分组丢弃和延迟的真实网络层模型相耦合。其次，提出了一种基于阻尼控制的集中式补救方案，该方案依赖于三个步骤--(A)离线相量测量单元(PMU)的布置、在线动态信号分组以及从稀疏和非稀疏破坏中恢复信号，(B)利用耗散能流(DEF)方法对SSO进行检测和源定位，以及(C)通过一种新的DEF灵敏度计算来确定发电重新调度。第三，基于不需要IBR模型知识的模型预测控制(MPC)框架，提出了基于分散调制的抗腐败SSO阻尼，其中通过离线训练神经网络来估计MAP来减少计算负担。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This NSF project aims to solve the problem of oscillations faced by power grids with high penetration of renewable energy that are disrupting system operations. The project will bring transformative change in fundamental understanding of such phenomena and propose new control strategies to damp the oscillations by leveraging the cyber layer of the power grid including sensors and communication network. This will be achieved by novel approaches of modeling the cyber physical power grid that can capture such phenomena, and centralized and decentralized controls that can damp such oscillations even in presence of anomalies in sensor measurements including cyber-attacks. The intellectual merits of the project include development of computationally manageable cyber physical models, novel sensor grouping and algorithms for data recovery from corruption, and control methods that do not rely on detailed renewable plant models. The broader impacts of the project include solving a major impediment of renewable energy integration that can help tackle climate change, integrating the proposed research in summer camps with high school students, offering summer internships for underrepresented minorities, informing curricula, and student engagement through Penn State’s Center for Engineering Outreach and Inclusion.The proposed project has three key thrusts addressing the sub- and super-synchronous oscillations (SSOs) in presence of inverter-based resources (IBRs). First, a scalable, computationally manageable, and linearizable dynamic phasor-based modeling framework with unbalance simulation capability for grids with high penetration of IBRs is proposed, which is coupled to a realistic cyber layer model with data packet drops and delays. Second, a centralized remedial action scheme based damping control is proposed that relies on three steps – (a) offline phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement, online dynamic signal grouping, and signal recovery from sparse and non-sparse corruption, (b) detection and source localization of SSOs using dissipating energy flow (DEF) approach, and (c) determination of generation re-dispatch through a novel DEF sensitivity calculation. Third, decentralized modulation-based corruption-resilient SSO damping is proposed based on model predictive control (MPC) framework that does not require knowledge of IBR models, wherein the computational burden will be reduced by estimating a map by offline training of neural networks.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.