The Influence of Dispatching on the Relationship between Capacity and Operation Quality of Railway Systems

在轨道引导系统的容量研究中，等待时间是决定性的变量。在现有方案中采用模拟方法进行容量研究时，需要调用综合调度算法求解受扰时刻表内的随机偏差，进而计算等待时间。因此，在给定的基础设施和固定的运行程序下，不同的调度算法会导致不同的容量与运行质量的关系，这表现在容量研究的结果上。为了提高容量研究的准确性，系统地评估调度对这种关系的影响，然后推荐合适的调度算法，在一定的运行质量标准下实现规划容量。更准确的规划对提高基础设施利用率、避免重复投资具有重要意义。此外，将开发一种新的调度算法，以系统地减少等待时间。该算法能自动识别现场运行工况，并据此选择合适的调度策略和目标。采用新的调度算法，在满足一定的运行质量标准的前提下，可以进一步提高容量。为了评估调度算法的影响，将开发一个多尺度仿真模型，其中铁路运营过程的微观，中观和宏观水平上同时模拟。对于大的调查领域，显着的相关领域的等待时间的计算是在微观层面上，和更有效的介观和宏观层面上提出的其他领域。根据基础设施元素的重要值，仿真模型可以在三个抽象级别之间连续迁移。在这个模型中，计算复杂度和解决方案的质量得到了很好的平衡。在此多尺度仿真模型的辅助下，可以计算出等待时间，从而得出容量研究的全部结果。从而可以总结和量化调度对能力与运行质量关系的影响。本项目开发了具有连续缩放特性的多尺度仿真模型，将面向实时运行的调度与面向长期规划的容量研究有机结合，提高了调度算法和容量研究精度。

In capacity research of track guided systems waiting times are decisive variables. When capacity research is carried out with simulation methods in existing solutions, an integrated dispatching algorithm will be called to solve stochastic deviations within the disturbed timetables, and then waiting times can be calculated. So on a given infrastructure and with a fixed operating program, different dispatching algorithms will result in different relationship between capacity and operation quality, which is represented by the results of capacity research. In order to improve the accuracy of capacity research, the influences of dispatching on the relationship will be evaluated systematically, and then suitable dispatching algorithms can be recommended to realize the planed capacity with certain standards of operation quality. A more accurate planning is meaningful to improve infrastructure exploitation rate and avoid redundant infrastructure investment. Furthermore, a new dispatching algorithm will be developed to reduce waiting times systematically. The new algorithm can automatically identify on-site operation conditions, and correspondingly select suitable dispatching strategies and objectives. With the new dispatching algorithm, the capacity can be further increased fulfilling certain operation quality standard. In order to evaluate influences of dispatching algorithms, a multi-scale simulation model will be developed, in which railway operation processes are simulated on microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic levels concurrently. For large investigation areas, the significant relevant areas to waiting time calculation is presented on microscopic level, and the other areas are presented on more efficient mesoscopic and macroscopic levels. Depending on significant values of infrastructure elements, the simulation model can migrate continuously between three abstraction levels. In this model computation complexity and solution quality are well balanced. Assisted by this multi-scale simulation model, waiting times can be calculated, and then all results of capacity research can be derived. Consequently the influences of dispatching on the relationship between capacity and operation quality can be summarized and quantified. In this project a multi-scale simulation model characterized by continuous scaling is developed; real-time operation oriented dispatching and long-term planning oriented capacity research are well connected, and both dispatching algorithms and capacity research accuracy are improved.