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Dealing with stress in space and time: plasticity, evolvability and dispersal in temporally and spatially varying environments

处理空间和时间上的压力：时空变化环境中的可塑性、进化性和分散性

基本信息

批准号：
273823547
负责人：
Privatdozent Dr. Thomas Hovestadt, since 6/2017
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Tierökologie und Tropenbiologie (Zoologie III)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/273823547?language=en
关键词：
Dealing stress space time plasticity

项目摘要

One major current focus of eco-evolutionary research lies on the ability of species to cope with rapid changes in environmental conditions, either in space or time. When populations face such challenges, they either have to adapt to, tolerate or track these changing conditions by dispersal. Otherwise, extinction is inevitable. If besides changing mean trends (like e.g. mean global temperature) also environmental variability is increasing, the ability of species to cope with these changes is crucial. In the proposed modelling project I want to investigate, under which specific conditions either dispersal, phenotypic plasticity or increased evolvability are optimal mechanisms allowing for adaptation sensu lato. I will therefore use a model of annual species living in spatially structured populations, which was successfully applied to several eco-evolutionary research questions before. The individuals will have heritable strategies, which define (1) their niche width (i.e. degree of phenotypic plasticity), (2) their degree of evolvability (implemented as the mutation rate of local adaptation) and (3) their propensity to emigrate from their natal patch. In the first proposed work package I will focus on the evolution of plasticity vs. evolvability, while keeping dispersal fixed. Evolution of the latter will be included in a second work package, allowing me to disentangle the role and potential contribution of each mechanism to population survival. For these two work packages I will consider only temporally changing conditions, ignoring the role of space with regard to any spatial autocorrelation of strategies and landscape parameters. In a third work package, however, I will explicitly consider the role of space and investigate the eco-evolutionary dynamics of plasticity, evolvability and dispersal during range expansion and climate-driven range shifts. The results of this project will not only be beneficial for future attempts to project the changes in ecosystems during impending environmental changes, but may also contribute to a better understanding of the role of (epi)genetic processes for the ecology and evolution of species.

目前生态进化研究的一个主要焦点是物种应对环境条件快速变化的能力，无论是在空间上还是在时间上。当人口面临这样的挑战时，他们要么不得不通过分散来适应、容忍或跟踪这些不断变化的条件。否则，灭绝是不可避免的。如果除了改变平均趋势(如全球平均温度)外，环境变异性也在增加，物种应对这些变化的能力是至关重要的。在拟议的建模项目中，我想要研究的是，在特定条件下，分散、表型可塑性或增强的进化性是允许适应感觉的最佳机制。因此，我将使用一个生活在空间结构种群中的一年生物种的模型，这个模型之前已经成功地应用于几个生态进化研究问题。这些个体将拥有可遗传的策略，这些策略定义了(1)它们的生态位宽度(即表型可塑性的程度)，(2)它们的进化程度(实施为局部适应的突变率)和(3)它们从出生斑块迁徙的倾向。在第一个拟议的工作包中，我将重点讨论可塑性与进化性的演化，同时保持分散不变。后者的演变将包括在第二个一揽子工作中，使我能够理清每一种机制对种群生存的作用和潜在贡献。对于这两个工作包，我将只考虑时间变化的条件，忽略空间在战略和景观参数的任何空间自相关性方面的作用。然而，在第三个工作包中，我将明确考虑空间的作用，并研究范围扩大和气候驱动的范围转移期间可塑性、进化性和分散性的生态进化动力学。这一项目的成果不仅有利于未来预测即将发生的环境变化期间生态系统的变化，还可能有助于更好地理解(EPI)遗传过程在物种生态和进化中的作用。