Differential behavioral and neural effects of physical and mental fatigue on modality-specific task interference in cognitive-postural dual-task situations in young and old adults

身心疲劳对年轻人和老年人认知姿势双任务情境中特定模态任务干扰的不同行为和神经影响

• 批准号: 274922926
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Urs Granacher
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl Trainings- und Bewegungswissenschaft
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/274922926?language=en
• 关键词: Differential; behavioral; neural; effects; physical

Age-related decrements in postural control and working memory as well as dual-task performance have ample significance for everyday activities and critical outcomes such as falls. Postural control reflects a multimodal system affected by age-related changes in cognition, sensory input, as well as muscular output. Based on models of content-specific interference (i.e. modality compatibility) as well as models of limited central capacities, during the first period of this priority program, we addressed the question whether the compatibility of input and output modality mappings (i.e. that visual input and motor output are deemed compatible, while e.g. auditory input and motor output are deemed incompatible) differentially affect dual-tasks involving postural control. Overall, we were able to show that modality-specific interference affects continuous dual-task performance in young and more so in old adults, and that these age differences are related to compensatory mechanisms in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC).In order to investigate the interaction between central processing limitations and effects of modality compatibility, the current proposal will examine the effects of domain-specific resource depletion operationalized as fatigue interventions on modality-specific cognitive-motor dual-task performance. For this purpose, two experimental series with two domain-specific fatigue interventions (physical vs. mental fatigue) will be launched that i) disentangle the effects of physical and mental fatigue on cognitive-postural performance during dual-task stimulus-response modality compatibility conditions in healthy young and old adults and ii) delineate brain mechanisms underlying these effects. We hypothesize that physical fatigue results in similar relative declines in postural control in young and old adults, but we expect greater physical fatigue-related performance declines with increasing modality incompatibility in old age. Mental fatigue should affect relative cognitive performance in both age groups, but we expect selective age-related effects of mental fatigue with increasing modality incompatibility in postural control due to age-related central resource limitations and larger attentional demands.Behavioral cognitive and motor measures will be complemented by neuronal markers (electroencephalography EEG, functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI) to assess these effects, and we expect fatigue to suppress dual-task related fMRI activity in PFC regions, and increase alpha and theta band power in EEG in young and old adults, with selective effects of physical fatigue in the old age group. In sum, the investigation of the effects of physical vs. mental fatigue and modality compatibility on cognitive-motor dual-task performance in young and old adults may shed further light on the mechanisms underlying age-related decline and compensatory mechanisms in cognitive-motor multitasking and may inform targeted interventions in old age.

姿势控制和工作记忆以及双重任务表现的与运动相关的下降对日常活动和关键结果（如福尔斯）具有充分的意义。姿势控制反映了受认知、感觉输入以及肌肉输出的年龄相关变化影响的多模态系统。基于特定内容干扰模型（即模态兼容性）以及有限的中央能力模型，在这个优先计划的第一阶段，我们解决了输入和输出模态映射的兼容性是否（即视觉输入和运动输出被认为是兼容的，而例如听觉输入和运动输出被认为是不相容的）差别地影响涉及姿势控制的双重任务。总体而言，我们能够表明，通道特异性干扰会影响年轻人的连续双任务表现，而老年人的影响更大，这些年龄差异与外侧前额叶皮层（PFC）的补偿机制有关。目前的建议将检查特定领域的资源耗竭操作疲劳干预对特定模态的认知运动双任务性能的影响。为此，将启动两个具有两个特定领域疲劳干预（身体疲劳与精神疲劳）的实验系列，i）在健康的年轻人和老年人中，在双任务刺激-反应模式兼容性条件下，解开身体和精神疲劳对认知姿势表现的影响，ii）描绘这些影响的大脑机制。我们假设，身体疲劳导致类似的相对下降，在年轻人和老年人的姿势控制，但我们预计更大的身体疲劳相关的性能下降，增加模态不兼容的老年。精神疲劳应该会影响两个年龄组的相对认知表现，但我们预计精神疲劳的选择性年龄相关效应会增加姿势控制中的模态不相容性，这是由于年龄相关的中央资源限制和更大的注意力需求。（脑电图EEG，功能性磁共振成像fMRI）来评估这些影响，我们预计疲劳会抑制PFC区域的双任务相关fMRI活动，增加青年和老年人EEG的α和θ波段功率，对老年组的体力疲劳具有选择性作用。总之，调查身体与精神疲劳和模态兼容性对年轻人和老年人认知运动双任务表现的影响，可能会进一步阐明认知运动多任务中与年龄相关的衰退和补偿机制的机制，并可能为老年人提供有针对性的干预措施。