Differential contributions of frontal lobe areas to eye/hand coordination

额叶区域对眼/手协调的不同贡献

• 批准号: 8685340
• 负责人: Aaron Paul Batista
• 金额: $ 37.02万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-06-15 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8685340
• 关键词: Affect; American; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Anterior; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cerebral cortex; Code; Data; Data Set; Dorsal; Environment; Eye; Eye Movements; Goals; Hand; Image; Individual; Learning; Life; Light; Longitudinal Studies; Macaca mulatta; Modality; Monkeys; Motor; Movement; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Nervous System Physiology; Neuraxis; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Ocular Fixation; Pattern; Peripheral; Plastics; Positioning Attribute; Prevalence; Primates; Process; Property; Prosthesis Design; Research; Research Personnel; Retina; Rewards; Role; Saccades; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Spinal cord injury; Staging; Technology; Testing; Training; Translations; Vision; Visual; Work; arm; comparative; experience; eye hand coordination; flexibility; frontal lobe; gaze; grasp; innovation; interest; limb amputation; motivated behavior; motor control; motor disorder; neural prosthesis; novel; prevent; relating to nervous system; response; sample fixation; sensory mechanism; stroke recovery; visual motor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As we interact with our environment, we perform dextrous, coordinated movements of multiple effectors. I am particularly interested in eye/hand coordination - the processes by which we use vision to guide our arm and hand movements. We study the premotor cortex in Rhesus monkeys trained to perform visuomotor behaviors. Neurons in premotor cortex are active in relation to reaching, and some of them project polysynaptically to the eye muscles, which implicates them in eye/hand coordination. The two overarching goals of this research are complementary: First, we will study the conditions under which sensory-motor transformations can be modified. Our pilot data suggest that training experience and the immediate demands of behavior can shape neural response properties, causing premotor neurons to become more sensitive to the position of the eyes. Inducing a sensitivity to a new sensory modality is an extreme form of neural plasticity, of a type typically only seen after brain injury. The second goal of this research is to explore the role of the premotor cortex in behavior. Our pilot data indicate that premotor cortex may be even more versatile and flexible than is typically assumed. The chief significance of this research is that it will change our understanding of sensory-motor processing by showing it is more flexible and malleable than has been presumed. The chief innovation is in our use of multielectrode array recordings to perform longitudinal studies of learning in multiple brain areas simultaneously. Our main approach is to record high-volume neural data sets from multiple cortical areas while monkeys learn and perform motor behaviors. This will provide a rich and high-impact data set that will yield detailed comparative information about the premotor cortices.

描述（由申请人提供）：当我们与环境互动时，我们对多个效应器进行灵巧、协调的运动。我对眼/手协调特别感兴趣——我们使用视觉引导手臂和手部运动的过程。我们研究了经过训练执行视觉运动行为的恒河猴的前运动皮层。前运动皮层中的神经元在伸手时非常活跃，其中一些神经元通过多突触投射到眼部肌肉，这表明它们与眼/手协调有关。这项研究的两个总体目标是互补的：首先，我们将研究可以改变感觉运动转换的条件。我们的试验数据表明，训练经验和行为的直接要求可以塑造神经反应特性，导致前运动神经元对眼睛的位置变得更加敏感。诱导对新的感觉方式的敏感性是神经可塑性的一种极端形式，这种类型通常只在脑损伤后才会出现。这项研究的第二个目标是探索前运动皮层在行为中的作用。我们的试验数据表明，前运动皮层可能比通常假设的更加通用和灵活。这项研究的主要意义在于，它将改变我们对感觉运动处理的理解，因为它表明感觉运动处理比我们想象的更加灵活和可塑。主要创新在于我们使用多电极阵列记录同时对多个大脑区域的学习进行纵向研究。我们的主要方法是在猴子学习和执行运动行为时记录来自多个皮质区域的大量神经数据集。这将提供丰富且高影响力的数据集，从而产生有关前运动皮层的详细比较信息。