Security Sector Reform and the Stability of Post-War Peace

在国家内部战争结束后减少集体政治暴力的各种表现形式是战后社会稳定和发展的一个重要条件。因此，学者和实践者都同意，安全部门改革是确保减少暴力和促进战后和平的最重要因素之一，它将解除前战斗人员的武装并使其复员，并改变军队、警察和司法机构的结构和行为。然而，安全部门改革在某些情况下比在其他情况下更成功。因此，拟议的研究项目要问的是，安全部门改革在什么条件下会增加战后和平的稳定性。我们认为，以前的研究战后SSR是迄今为止不足以回答这个研究问题，由于三个缺点。从理论上讲，关于安全部门改革的建设和平研究很少纳入战后机构改革的更广泛的政治学辩论，因此错过了战后和平的重要解释因素。从方法论上讲，过去的研究主要采用单一案例研究设计，因此很少允许制定结论的概括。从经验上讲，那些比较不同情况下SSR的研究往往停留在一个世界区域内，因此不容易发现跨文化背景下的SSR机制。在回答安全部门改革在何种条件下确实能增强战后和平的稳定性这一问题时，报告侧重于政治控制这一中心问题，这是机构改革辩论的核心，但过去关于安全部门改革的研究没有充分抓住这一问题。我们认为，安全部门改革对战后和平的影响的关键是国内冲突各方和国际行为体如何在内战后控制安全部门改革进程的问题。因此，该项目将从方法和经验上综合利用定性和定量方法，分析安全部门改革对战后和平稳定的作用。首先，它使用归纳，理论建设的案例研究与实地工作在萨尔瓦多萨尔瓦多，刚果民主共和国（DRC），尼泊尔细化假设，确定因果机制，并选择更具体的变量进行统计分析。第二，这些案例研究将得到补充的统计生存分析的一个新的，全球数据集的特点，SSR在战后国家，将用于理论测试和制定概括我们的研究结果。

Reducing different manifestations of collective, political violence after the end of intrastate war is an important condition for the stabilization and development of post-war societies. Scholars and practitioners alike thereby agree that security sector reform (SSR) that disarms and demobilizes ex-combatants and that alters structures and conduct of the military, police, and judiciary is among the most vital elements to ensure reducing violence and contributing to post-war peace. However, SSR has been more successful in some cases than in others. The proposed research project thus asks under what conditions SSR increases the stability of post-war peace. We argue that previous research on post-war SSR is thus far insufficiently equipped to answer this research question due to three shortcomings. Theoretically, peacebuilding research on SSR is little embedded in the wider political science debate of post-war institutional reform and thus misses out on important explanatory factors of post-war peace. Methodologically, past research predominantly employs single-case study research designs and thus rarely allows for formulating generalizations of findings. Empirically, those studies that do compare SSR in different cases, often stay within one world region, and are thus inapt to discover mechanisms of SSR that work across cultural contexts.This project addresses these shortcomings. In answering the question under what conditions SSR does increase the stability of post-war peace, it focuses on the central question of political control that is at the core of the institutional reform debate, but that has not been captured adequately by past research on SSR. We argue that key to the effect of SSR on post-war peace is the question of how domestic conflict parties and international actors control an SSR process in the aftermath of a civil war. Methodologically and empirically, the project will thereby make use of a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the role of SSR for the stability of post-war peace. First, it uses inductive, theory-building case studies with fieldwork in El Salvador, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Nepal to refine hypotheses, identify causal mechanisms, and select more specific variables for the statistical analysis. Second, these case studies will be complemented by statistical survival analysis on a novel, global dataset on features of SSR in post-war countries that will be used for theory testing and for formulating generalizations of our findings.