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Testing two concepts to increase the efficiency of p-type dye-sensitized solar cells

测试两种提高 p 型染料敏化太阳能电池效率的概念

基本信息

批准号：
280093010
负责人：
Professor Dr. Harald Krautscheid
金额：
--
依托单位：
Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V. (IOM)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/280093010?language=en
关键词：
Testing two concepts increase efficiency

项目摘要

Cheap solar energy sources are one of the key factors to reduce carbon dioxide emission and prevent global warming. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are cheap, possess a short energy payback time, and show a good performance at diffuse light, which make them very attractive for commercial applications. So far, DSCs do not exceed 13% light-to-electricity conversion efficiency. While DSCs with a photoanode (n-DSCs) are suitable for commercial applications, the most efficient DSC with a photocathode (p-DSCs) shows only about one-tenth power conversion efficiency, significantly too low for commercial applications. Building a high efficient p-DSC would not only provide a new type of DSC for commercial applications, it is also a milestone in the construction of high-performance DSCs with a photoactive anode and a photoactive cathode (np-DSC). These devices can possess a significantly higher power conversion efficiency than their individual modules. Within this application, two concepts are addressed to increase the light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of p-DSCs.The first concept is the usage of ionic liquids in combination with transition metal redox mediators in p-DSCs. It seems reasonable that the anions of ionic liquids should be closer to injected holes in the semiconductor than cations, like positively charged transition metal complexes which serve as redox mediator. Thus, the usage of ionic liquids might decrease the high dark current of p-DSCs which limits the power conversion efficiency of p-DSCs. The second concept is a temporary docking of the redox mediator at the dye. A dye with a Lewis basic group as building block can coordinate at a transition metal complex. The close contact of the dye and the positively charged redox mediator should enhance the preferred electron transfer rate from the dye to the redox mediator while the undesired electron recombination rate between dye and semiconductor should be increased. If the electron transferred from the dye to the redox mediator resides in an antibonding d-orbital of the transition metal complex, the bond between the dye and the redox mediator should be weakened. As a result, the reduced redox mediator coordinated at the dye can be replaced by the oxidized form of the redox mediator in solution if the dye offers a strongly coordinating ligand. This replacement will restore the initial configuration in the device.If the concept of temporary redox mediator docking at the dye or the usage of ionic liquids in combination with transition metal redox mediators can be shown as general concept to increase the efficiency of a p-DSC, a follow-up project will focus on device performance optimizations to construct highly efficient p-DSCs and a new generation of DSCs, np-DSCs exceeding 13% light-to-electricity conversion efficiency.

廉价的太阳能是减少二氧化碳排放和防止全球变暖的关键因素之一。染料敏化太阳能电池（DSC）价格便宜，能量回收期短，在漫射光下表现出良好的性能，这使得它们在商业应用中非常有吸引力。到目前为止，DSC的光电转换效率不超过13%。虽然具有光电阳极的DSC（n-DSC）适用于商业应用，但具有光电阴极的最有效的DSC（p-DSC）仅显示出约十分之一的功率转换效率，对于商业应用而言明显太低。构建高效的p-DSC不仅可以为商业应用提供新型DSC，也是构建具有光敏阳极和光敏阴极的高性能DSC（np-DSC）的里程碑。这些器件可以具有比其单个模块显著更高的功率转换效率。在本申请中，提出了两个概念来提高p-DSC的光电转换效率，第一个概念是在p-DSC中使用离子液体与过渡金属氧化还原介体的组合。离子液体的阴离子应该比阳离子更接近半导体中的注入空穴，这似乎是合理的，就像作为氧化还原介体的带正电荷的过渡金属络合物一样。因此，离子液体的使用可能会降低p-DSC的高暗电流，这限制了p-DSC的功率转换效率。第二个概念是氧化还原介体在染料处的临时对接。具有刘易斯碱性基团作为结构单元的染料可以在过渡金属络合物处配位。染料和带正电荷的氧化还原介体的紧密接触应当增强从染料到氧化还原介体的优选电子转移速率，同时应当增加染料和半导体之间的不期望的电子重组速率。如果从染料转移到氧化还原介体的电子位于过渡金属络合物的反键d轨道中，则染料和氧化还原介体之间的键应被削弱。因此，如果染料提供强配位配体，则在染料上配位的还原型氧化还原介体可以被溶液中氧化还原介体的氧化形式取代。如果将氧化还原介体临时对接到染料上或将离子液体与过渡金属氧化还原介体结合使用的概念可以作为提高p-DSC效率的一般概念，后续项目将集中在器件性能优化上，以构建高效的p-DSC和新一代DSC，np-DSC的光电转换效率超过13%。