Urban Culture and Resilience: The Shrovetide Play on Nuremberg's stages before and after the Reformation

本项目旨在探讨纽伦堡帝国城市文化在面对16世纪世纪的彻底破坏时，如何应对、适应和转变。纽伦堡的狂欢节传统被其倡导者用作自我观察和自我调节的媒介。特别是在后来的戏剧中，工匠们不允许成立行会，并受到地方法官的纪律处分，他们提供道德课程和实际指导，并被要求保持城市的和平。考虑到宗教改革时代的政治、经济和忏悔中断，这些特征似乎反映了纽伦堡执政法官的外交立场，他既支持宗教改革，又忠于皇帝。工匠们在他们的忏悔剧中表达的对秩序的肯定是否可以被视为一种政治参与的形式？第一个资助期将致力于改革后戏剧模式的变化。简单主义者把16世纪的戏剧看作是新道德戏剧的早期范例。将从复原力的概念角度审视和修订这些模型。工匠大师们将忏悔剧作为沟通和表达的媒介，并以传统和创新的方式应对危机，适应时代的要求。戏剧将危机的经历转化为可能性的虚构空间，并处理了破坏性的时刻。他们的表演性质给了文学作品和戏剧排练中发展的应对策略的直接影响。我们的分析将为1440年至1618年间早期白话戏剧的新历史奠定基础。我们有必要问一问，是什么样的特定演员网络和城市文化资源影响了这出戏。对密集的城市交流空间的分析使我们能够解码传统模式和主题，道德和说教倾向，美学发展和社会规范，以应对破坏性变化。该项目将重点关注翻译的特殊质量，作为这一体裁的弹性策略-一种在其他文学体裁和知识转移媒体以及一般知识文化中产生新刺激的策略。第二个资助期将致力于调查纽伦堡的施罗韦蒂戏剧传统如何对新的戏剧形式（学校戏剧、巡回戏剧）作出反应。这种体裁在世纪早期的终结可能是因为它不再是创造弹性的媒介。我们将探讨在宗教改革时期变得有效的应对策略现在是如何暴露弱点并促成传统的终结（自愿由表演禁令带来）。这些分析将有助于调查复原力进程的后续动态。

This project investigates the potentials of coping, adaptation, and transformation in the urban culture of the imperial city of Nuremberg in face of the radical disruptions of the 16th century. Nuremberg's shrovetide play tradition was used by its exponents as a medium of self-observation and self-regulation. Particularly in the later plays, the artisans, who were not allowed to form guilds and were subjected to the magistrate's disciplinary authority, provided moral lessons and practical guidance, and were called for keeping the city's peace. Given the political, economic, and confessional disruptions of the Reformation era, these traits seem to reflect the diplomatic stance of the ruling magistrate of Nuremberg, which was both pro- Reformation and faithful to the emperors. Can the affirmation of order the artisans expressed in their shrovetide plays be regarded as a form of political participation? The first funding period will be devoted to the changing patterns in post-Reformation plays. Simplistic models have read the sixteenth-century plays as early examples of a new moral drama. These models will be scrutinized and revised by looking at them from the conceptual point of view of resilience. Master artisans used the shrovetide play as a medium for communication and expression and for coping with crisis in ways that were both traditional as well as innovative and adaptable to the demands of the times. The plays translated the experience of crisis into fictitious spaces of possibilities and processed disruptive moments. Their performative nature gave an immediate effect to the coping strategies developed in literary writings and dramatic rehearsal. Our analysis will create the basis for a new history of early vernacular drama in the period between c.1440 and 1618. It is necessary to ask what actor-specific networks and urban cultural resources influenced the shrovetide play. The analysis of dense urban spaces of communication allows us to decode conventional patterns and motifs, moralizing and didactic tendencies, aesthetic developments and social norms in response to disruptive change. This project will focus on the particular quality of translations as a strategy of resilience in this genre - a strategy generating new stimuli in other literary genres and media of knowledge transfer, and in cultures of knowledge in general. The second funding period will be devoted to investigating how the Nuremberg shrovetide play tradition reacted to new dramatic forms (school drama, travelling theatre). The end of the genre in the early 17th century may have been due to the fact that it was no longer a medium for creating resilience. We will explore how the very coping strategies that had become effective during the Reformation era were now exposing vulnerabilities and contributing to the end of the tradition (willingly brought about by performance bans). These analyses will contribute to the investigation of follow-up dynamics in resilience processes.