The mechanism by which parasitoid wasp Asobara japaonoca

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Endoparasitoid wasp Asobara japonica utilizes Drosophila melanogaster and the other broadly related Drosophila species as habitual hosts by using a notable feature of parasitism strategy. A. japonica females possess highly toxic venom and they inject the venom components with a lethal dose for the hosts at parasitism. A few seconds after the venom injection, they introduce eggs together with the lateral oviduct components that neutralize the detrimental effects of the venom toxin. In the present study, We demonstrated that the venom components impaired the host cellular immunity but did not affect the humoral immunity. Furthermore, injection of the venom components activated a serine protease-like enzyme activity approximately 100 times in the plasma 4 h after the injection. The neutralizing factor in the oviduct blocked the protease-like enzyme activation, while it was unable to neutralize the venom-induced detriment of the host hemocytes.