The mechanism by which parasitoid wasp Asobara japaonoca

拟内寄生蜂利用寄生策略的显著特征，利用黑腹果蝇和其他广泛相关的果蝇物种作为惯常寄主。日本姬蜂雌性具有剧毒的毒液，它们在寄生时将具有致死剂量的毒液成分注射给寄主。在注射毒液几秒钟后，它们将卵和侧面输卵管成分一起引入，以中和毒液毒素的有害影响。在本研究中，我们证明了毒液成分损害了宿主的细胞免疫，但不影响体液免疫。此外，注射毒液成分在注射后4小时激活血浆中丝氨酸蛋白酶样酶活性约100倍。输卵管中的中和因子阻断了蛋白酶样酶的激活，但无法中和毒液对宿主血细胞的损害。

Endoparasitoid wasp Asobara japonica utilizes Drosophila melanogaster and the other broadly related Drosophila species as habitual hosts by using a notable feature of parasitism strategy. A. japonica females possess highly toxic venom and they inject the venom components with a lethal dose for the hosts at parasitism. A few seconds after the venom injection, they introduce eggs together with the lateral oviduct components that neutralize the detrimental effects of the venom toxin. In the present study, We demonstrated that the venom components impaired the host cellular immunity but did not affect the humoral immunity. Furthermore, injection of the venom components activated a serine protease-like enzyme activity approximately 100 times in the plasma 4 h after the injection. The neutralizing factor in the oviduct blocked the protease-like enzyme activation, while it was unable to neutralize the venom-induced detriment of the host hemocytes.