Industrial Policy in Japan during the Postwar Boom. Business, Government and International Technology Transfer 1955-1973

战后繁荣时期日本的产业政策。

• 批准号: 400896132
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Alexander Nützenadel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/400896132?language=en
• 关键词: Industrial; Policy; Japan; during; Postwar

This project examines the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry‘s (MITI) industrial policy during the High Growth Period (1955-1973) from the perspective of market actors. We address three gaps in the literature that require such a new perspective:1. MITI primarily employed informal methods known as "administrative guidance" to implement its industrial policy. The application of these methods, which were often used orally, was not officially documented. Hence, archival sources describing the use of such methods in a detailed manner are rare. For this reason, there is little knowledge how industrial policy was put into effect at the micro-level. 2. Existing studies have analyzed industrial policy at the macro-level, i.e. the level of the national economy or specific sectors of the economy. Furthermore, they used mainly sources created outside the context of the firm. Therefore, they largely ignored the question of what role companies and their employees actually played for the implementation of industrial policy. 3. There is no consensus on what really was at the core of Japanese industrial policy. This is one of the reasons why its effects on economic growth and structural change have been interpreted very differently. A major shortcoming of established definitions of the term is that they do not sufficiently account for MITI’s informal methods or the actions of companies. We were able to discover internal firm documents in business archives that allow for a source-based examination of the first two problems. Based on the results of this examination, we will re-conceptualize Japanese industrial policy. This approach enables us to reevaluate MITI’s contribution to the Japanese economic miracle.Our central hypothesis is that impact of industrial policy is not primarily based on formal or informal policy tools, but rather in the indirect and skillful manipulations of expectations and decisions of individual market actors. Because of the importance of foreign technology for Japan’s economic growth, we will concentrate on MITI action toward the promotion of technology transfer.

本课题从市场主体的角度，对日本通产省在高增长时期（1955-1973年）的产业政策进行分析。我们解决文献中的三个空白，需要这样一个新的视角：1。通产省主要采用被称为“行政指导”的非正式方法来执行其产业政策。这些方法的应用，往往是口头使用，没有正式记录。因此，档案来源描述使用这种方法的详细方式是罕见的。因此，人们对产业政策如何在微观一级实施知之甚少。 2.现有的研究分析了宏观一级的产业政策，即国民经济或具体经济部门一级。此外，他们主要使用公司范围之外的资源。因此，他们在很大程度上忽视了企业及其员工在实施产业政策中实际发挥的作用。3.对于日本产业政策的核心究竟是什么，人们没有达成共识。这也是为什么人们对它对经济增长和结构变化的影响有着截然不同的解释的原因之一。该术语的既定定义的一个主要缺点是，它们没有充分考虑到通产省的非正式方法或公司的行动。我们能够在业务档案中发现公司内部文件，从而可以对前两个问题进行基于源代码的检查。根据这一研究结果，我们将重新构想日本的产业政策。我们的中心假设是，产业政策的影响力主要不是基于正式或非正式的政策工具，而是通过对市场主体的预期和决策的间接和巧妙的操纵。由于外国技术对日本经济增长的重要性，我们将重点关注促进技术转让的MITI行动。