Construction of the production system for musical cognitive studies

本课题旨在构建音乐认知心理学研究的专用生产系统，并利用该系统构建人类音乐认知行为的仿真模型。以下是对该项目的成果的简要描述。（一）生产体系建设。我们实施了一个实验性的适应性生产系统- APSH（适应性生产系统-北海道大学）-它具有以下设施：(1)模块结构的生产记忆，便于分层知识结构的良好编码。(2)灵活的生产规则，既可以添加、删除和更改生产内存中的生产规则，也可以更改工作内存中的数据元素。（ii）人类旋律感知与预测的实验与模型构建。我们进行了两个实验，研究了两位音乐专家（一位是西方古典音乐专家，另一位是日本传统音乐专家）对三音符旋律的“终音”外推行为。实验验证了他们对旋律感知和预测的图式驱动特性。结果表明，西方音乐专家将刺激音序列同化为西方音乐的“全音阶”音调系统，而日本音乐专家则没有。从调性图式的加工规律出发，探讨了西乐专家的反应结构。我们实现了她对APSH的加工规则模型，并讨论了该模型的心理有效性。

In this project, we aimed to construct the special purpose production system for the psychological studies of musical cognition, and to make use of it for building the simulation model of the human musical cognitive behavior. Followings are the brief description of the results of this project.(i) Construction of production system. We implemented an experimental adaptive production system - APSH (Adaptive Production System - Hokkaido University) - which has the following facilities;(1) a module-structured production memory which facilitates the well formed encoding of the hierarchical knowledge structure.(2) flexible production rules which can add, delete, and change either of production rules in production memory or data elements in working memory.(ii) Experiments and model building of human melody perception and prediction.We conducted two experiments to investigate the "final-tone" extrapolating behavior of two music experts, one of Western classic music and the other of Japanese traditional music, for three-note melodies. The experiments verified the schema-driven properties of their perception and prediction of melody. The results indicate that the Westernmusic expert assimilated the stimulus tone sequences to the "diatonic" tonal system of Western music but that the Japanese-music expert did not. The response structures of the Western-music expert were discussed in terms of the processing rules of her tonal schema. We implemented the model of her processing rules on APSH and discussed the psychological validity of the model.