Studies on the skin sensitization tests and their standardization from industrial chemicals.

首先，为了使皮肤致敏试验标准化，以卡他福尔、2，4-DNCB等多种工业化学品为研究对象，研究了四种主要的皮肤致敏试验，即Landsteiner-Draize试验(LDT)、Buehler试验(BT)、分裂佐剂试验(SAT)和豚鼠放大试验(GPMT)。在两个独立的实验室进行了豚鼠放大试验，以检验皮肤试验对某些化学物质反应的重复性。从结果来看，GPMT从技术的简单性、反应的敏感性和重现性等角度来看是令人钦佩的。在光敏化试验中，用试验药剂敌敌畏进行了佐剂试条试验及其改良试验。阐明了其光致敏性的中等能力，但要使光敏试验标准化，还需要进一步的研究。其次，为了定量评价试验反应，利用以往实验中检验的数据对与豚鼠放大试验有关的各项项目进行了评分。通过分析，明确了皮内和局部诱导浓度、激发局部浓度、过敏反应分级和反应强度(Draize评分)等项目的评分，并将其总分定性地归类为5个等级，对皮肤致敏试验具有实用价值。

First of all, in order to standarize the skin sensitization test, four major kinds of tests, namely, Landsteiner-Draize test (LDT), Buehler test (BT),Split adjuvant technique (SAT) and Guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) were studies using various kinds of industrial chemicals as captafol, 2,4-DNCB and so forth. The reproducibility of reaction for the skin test to some chemicals was also examined using guinea pig maximization test at two laboratories, independently. From the results, GPMT was estimated to be admirable from such point of view as its simplicity of the technique and its sensitivity and reproducibility of the reactions. As for photo sensitization test, Adjuvant-Strip test and its modified test were examined using a test chemical, DDVP. Moderate capacity of its photo allergenicity was clarified, but, further investigations were necessary to stan- darize the photo sensitization test.Nextly, to evaluate the test reaction quantitatively, scoring for various items related to the quinea pig maximization test was undertaken using the data examined in the former experiments. From the analysis, it was clarified that to score such items as intradermal and topical concentrations for induction, topical concentrations for challenge, allergenicity ratings and intensity of reaction (Draize score) and to classify their total scores into five degrees quanititatively were evaluated to be practically useful for the skin sensitization test.