Impact of Diverse Production Systems on Yield Stability and Environmental Adaptability of Wheat and Barley: A Study Based on Long-Term Field Experiments

多样化生产体系对小麦和大麦产量稳定性和环境适应性的影响：基于长期田间试验的研究

• 批准号: 420210236
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Janna Macholdt
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Professur für Allgemeinen Pflanzenbau/Ökologischen Landbau
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/420210236?language=en
• 关键词: Impact; Diverse; Production; Systems; Yield

The objective of this project is to contribute to the fundamental understanding of the impacts that a diverse array of production systems have on the grain yield stabilities of wheat and barley. In particular, this project will provide new insight into the complex genotype x environment x management factor (GxExM) interactions prevailing in production systems with a focus on the long-term effects of management factors such as crop rotation and fertilisation. Based on the results of four long-term field experiments (LTFEs), the following hypotheses will be tested:1. Preceding wheat and barley with leaf crops, especially legumes, leads to higher yield stability and environmental adaptability than using a cereal as the preceding crop. (Verification of different preceding crops: sugar beet, oilseed rape, maize, clover, field bean, wheat, rye, oat)2. Production systems with higher mineral nitrogen fertilisation show more stable wheat and barley yields and better environmental adaptability than systems with lower mineral nitrogen supply. (Comparison of different mineral nitrogen fertilisation levels: 0%, 50%, 100%)3. Additional organic fertilisation results in higher yield stability and better environmental adaptability when applied to wheat and barley than mineral fertilisation alone. (Verification of different organic fertilisers: farmyard manure, green manure, sugar beet leaves, cereal straw, pea/field bean straw)4. Different genotypes of wheat and barley react similarly to differences in preceding crops, the mineral nitrogen supply and additional organic fertilisation. (Verification of the wheat and barley cultivars used in the 4 LTFEs).To jointly answer the hypotheses, three work packages (WPs) are designed. The first WP comprises the compilation of the experimental database, which consists of one organic LTE conducted at the University of Copenhagen (Denmark) and three conventional LTEs conducted at the Justus Liebig University Giessen (Germany). The second and core WP of this project comprises the stability analysis of the experimental databases mentioned above. Here, the impact of the management factors (mineral and organic fertilisation as well as crop rotation and, in particular, the effects of the preceding crops) on the yield stability of wheat and barley cultivars in diverse production systems and multiple environments will be determined. Due to the time that has passed since the experiments were established, it will be possible to compare the long-term management effects on yield stability of wheat and barley over a sufficient number of years. The third WP is about modelling the environmental adaptability of wheat and barley in diverse production systems. Based on a system model approach, wheat and barley yield reactions subjected to different selected management strategies and weather driving factors will be analysed, and simulations regarding the sensitivity to environmental stress under future climate scenarios will be performed.

该项目的目标是促进对各种生产系统对小麦和大麦粮食产量稳定性的影响的基本理解。特别是，该项目将为生产系统中普遍存在的复杂基因型x环境x管理因素（GxExM）相互作用提供新的见解，重点关注作物轮作和施肥等管理因素的长期影响。基于四项长期田间实验的结果，本文将检验以下假设：在小麦和大麦前种植叶作物，特别是豆科作物，比在前种植谷物具有更高的产量稳定性和环境适应性。（验证不同的前期作物：甜菜、油菜、玉米、三叶草、菜豆、小麦、黑麦、燕麦）施用较高矿质氮的生产系统比施用较低矿质氮的生产系统表现出更稳定的小麦和大麦产量和更好的环境适应性。（不同矿质氮肥水平的比较：0%、50%、100%）在小麦和大麦上施用额外的有机肥比单独施用无机肥具有更高的产量稳定性和更好的环境适应性。（验证不同的有机肥料：农家肥、绿肥、甜菜叶、谷物秸秆、豌豆/田豆秸秆）不同基因型的小麦和大麦对前代作物的差异、矿质氮供应和额外的有机肥的反应相似。（4个ltfe中使用的小麦和大麦品种的验证）。为了共同回答这些假设，设计了三个工作包（WPs）。第一个WP包括实验数据库的汇编，其中包括在哥本哈根大学（丹麦）进行的一个有机LTE和在吉森（德国）的Justus Liebig大学进行的三个常规LTE。本项目的第二个也是最核心的WP包括上述实验数据库的稳定性分析。在这里，将确定管理因素（矿肥和有机肥以及作物轮作，特别是前几种作物的影响）对不同生产系统和多种环境下小麦和大麦品种产量稳定性的影响。由于实验建立以来已经过去了一段时间，因此有可能比较足够多年的长期管理对小麦和大麦产量稳定性的影响。第三个工作计划是关于小麦和大麦在不同生产系统中的环境适应性建模。基于系统模型方法，分析了小麦和大麦在不同管理策略和天气驱动因素下的产量反应，并进行了未来气候情景下对环境压力敏感性的模拟。