Making Yiddish the National Language of Soviet Jewry (1918–1941)

让意第绪语成为苏联犹太人的民族语言（1918â1941）

• 批准号: 428042910
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Efrat Gal-Ed
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Jüdische Studien
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/428042910?language=en
• 关键词: Making; Yiddish; National; Language; Soviet

The phenomenon of ‘Soviet Yiddish’ as the national language of the Soviet Jews remains barely explored to date. Yiddish as the language of the Jewish ‘national minority’ was granted the official status of a national language a few years after the October Revolution of 1917. It was an unprecedented event in the history of the Yiddish language stigmatized as ‘jargon’ until well into the 20th century. The Soviet Union was, if only briefly, the only country where the aspirations of the Yiddish language activists were fulfilled.Yiddish as a national language was developed in the field of tension between the poles of language planning as part of Soviet nationality politics and the projects of Yiddish culture activists beyond the Soviet borders. The lively linguistic discourse which had evolved in the Soviet Yiddish press during the early 1920s was followed by the establishment of academic journals. From 1930 onward some of the most important works on Yiddish grammar appeared in Moscow. In contemporary sources these transnational phenomena of the language and culture project were summarized under the diffuse term “Soviet Yiddish”, which still lacks a clear definition. The focus of our project is on detailed research on and analysis of this term, based on the following questions:1. How was the concept “national language” conceived in the different Ashkenazic cultural projects from the the early 20th century on? Which continuities and discrepancies existed between the interpretations in the Soviet Union and beyond its borders?2. Which processes of cultural transfer informed the linguistic discourse? Who were the actors? Which ‘travelling concepts’ were of major importance?3. Did the praxis correspond to the language concepts? How were these concepts transformed in the course of implementation and communication?4. Which part did the development of Yiddish play in the consolidation of the Jewish ‘national minority’ in the sense of an ‘imagined community’?The aim of this project is the cultural-historical reconstruction of the linguistic discourse based on its traces in the contemporary Yiddish and Russian press, in private archives as well as in linguistic publications. The interdisciplinary approach developed in cultural studies is crucial to the research questions. The aim is a differentiated description of the transcultural phenomenon ‘Soviet Yiddish’ including the divergencies between the self image of of the Soviet Yiddish cultural activists and the reception of their action in the Yiddish cultural spaces outside of the Soviet Union. This first study focussed on the category language will open a new perspective for the exploration of the Soviet Yiddish space.

“苏联意第绪语”作为苏联犹太人的民族语言的现象至今几乎没有被探索过。意第绪语作为犹太“少数民族”的语言，在1917年十月革命几年后被授予官方语言地位。这是意第绪语历史上前所未有的事件，直到20世纪才被冠以“行话”的称号。苏联是唯一一个让意第绪语活动家的愿望得以实现的国家，哪怕只是短暂的。意第绪语作为一种民族语言，是在作为苏联民族政治一部分的语言规划两极和苏联境外意第绪语文化活动家的项目之间的紧张局势中发展起来的。20世纪20年代初，苏联意第绪语报刊上出现了生动的语言话语，随后建立了学术期刊。从1930年起，一些关于意第绪语语法的最重要的著作出现在莫斯科。在当代文献中，这些语言和文化项目的跨国现象被概括为“苏联意第绪语”，这一术语仍然缺乏明确的定义。我们的项目重点是对这个术语进行详细的研究和分析，基于以下问题：1。从20世纪初开始，在不同的德系犹太人文化项目中，“民族语言”的概念是如何被构想出来的？在苏联境内和境外的解释之间存在哪些连续性和差异？哪些文化迁移过程影响了语言话语？演员是谁？哪些“旅行概念”是最重要的？实践是否符合语言概念？这些概念在实施和传播过程中是如何转变的？意第绪语的发展在犹太“少数民族”的巩固中起到了什么作用，在“想象共同体”的意义上？该项目的目的是基于当代意第绪语和俄语报刊、私人档案以及语言学出版物中语言话语的痕迹，对语言话语进行文化历史重建。文化研究中发展的跨学科方法对研究问题至关重要。其目的是对“苏联意第绪语”这一跨文化现象进行差异化的描述，包括苏联意第绪语文化活动家的自我形象与苏联以外的意第绪语文化空间对他们行动的接受之间的分歧。这一首次集中于范畴语言的研究，将为探索苏联意第绪语空间开辟一个新的视角。