Iconographic Study of Pala Art in India

我们研究的主要主题是对印度帕拉王朝的各种佛像(如来)的研究。首先，我们收集了大量的帕拉时期雕塑的摄影资料，并从图像学的角度对这些资料进行了分类。由于这种重新安排的结果，帕拉王朝佛(如来)的图像系统被澄清为：1)准释迦牟尼战胜马拉，以及他的其他七个生活场景。2)自由站立的释迦牟尼形象代表他的八个生活场景中的每一个。3)佛教三合一：佛陀和两个菩萨。“释迦牟尼-观音弥勒”类型的佛像最受欢迎。大多数加冕佛像都是释迦牟尼佛像。5)五尊深奥佛像(外罗卡纳、阿克索比亚、罗纳桑巴、阿弥陀佛和阿摩哈西迪)雕刻在门的横梁上，以及雕塑的底座和光环上。6)与外罗卡纳、阿索比雅、拉特纳桑巴和阿莫哈西迪有关的佛像

The chief theme of our research is an iconographic study of various kinds of the Buddha(Tathagata) of Pala dynasty in India. At first we collected a lot of photographic materials of the sculptures of Pala period and classified these materials according to an iconographic point of view. As a result of this rearrangement the iconographic system of the Buddha(Tathagata) of Pala dynasty has been clarified as following.1) Buddha-to-be Sakyamuni triumphing over Mara, with his seven other life scenes.2) Free standing Sakyamuni image representing each of his eight life scenes.3) Buddhist triad: Buddha with two flanking Bodhisattvas. The sculptures of "SAKYAMUNI-Avalokitesvara-Maitreya" type are most popular.4) Crowned Buddha. Most of the crowned Buddhas are Sakyamuni.5) Five esoteric Buddhas (Vairocana, Aksobhya, Ratnasambhava, Amitabha and Amoghasiddhi) carved of the lintel of the door, and the base and aureole of the sculptures.6) Free standing Buddha images identified with Vairocana, Aksobhya, Ratnasambhava and Amoghasiddhi