Iconographic Study of Pala Art in India

本研究的主要主题是对印度巴罗王朝的各种佛像（如来）的图像学研究。首先，我们收集了大量的帕拉时期雕塑的摄影资料，并根据图像学的观点对这些资料进行了分类。经过重新整理，巴罗王朝的如来图像系统已被澄清如下：1）未来佛释迦牟尼战胜玛拉，他的其他七个生活场景; 2）独立的释迦牟尼图像代表他的八个生活场景中的每一个。观音弥勒像是最受欢迎的。5）门楣上雕刻的五尊密教佛（大日如来、阿索毗耶、如来、阿弥陀佛、不空成就），以及雕塑的底座和光环。6）独立的佛像，分别是大日如来、阿索毗耶、如来、不空成就

The chief theme of our research is an iconographic study of various kinds of the Buddha(Tathagata) of Pala dynasty in India. At first we collected a lot of photographic materials of the sculptures of Pala period and classified these materials according to an iconographic point of view. As a result of this rearrangement the iconographic system of the Buddha(Tathagata) of Pala dynasty has been clarified as following.1) Buddha-to-be Sakyamuni triumphing over Mara, with his seven other life scenes.2) Free standing Sakyamuni image representing each of his eight life scenes.3) Buddhist triad: Buddha with two flanking Bodhisattvas. The sculptures of "SAKYAMUNI-Avalokitesvara-Maitreya" type are most popular.4) Crowned Buddha. Most of the crowned Buddhas are Sakyamuni.5) Five esoteric Buddhas (Vairocana, Aksobhya, Ratnasambhava, Amitabha and Amoghasiddhi) carved of the lintel of the door, and the base and aureole of the sculptures.6) Free standing Buddha images identified with Vairocana, Aksobhya, Ratnasambhava and Amoghasiddhi