Influence of snow to wave-regenerated forest structure

雪对波浪再生林结构的影响

• 批准号: 05660174
• 负责人: KITAI Kunio
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Nihon University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05660174/
• 关键词: wave regenerated forest; snow; snow season; snow damages; Abies veitchii; Abies mariesii; forest structure; water content in leaves; シマガレ林; 亜高山帯; 疎開穴; 風衝; 更新; シマガレ現象; 〓害; 冬季風 雪〓

The wave regenerated forest in the White Face Mountain region of U.S.A., reported by Spurgel, corresponds to the forest which is known as "Shimagare" type forest in Japan. There are a lot of researches on this wave regenerated forest but very few on the snow season condition of the wave regenerated forest. kitai and Maeda once reported that snow had collapsed part of the structure of wave regenerated forest on Kita-Yatsugatake Mountain, from where the death of trees had begun. Since then, the structure of the wave generated forest has been continuing to experience a gradual change due to the influence of snow. We, therefore, researched the current forest condition and found out that the zone previously comprised of young trees around 1980 has now changed into the mature-tree zone and that the previous seedlings zone turned into the young-tree zone. On the windward side of the current young-tree zone where the snow is heaviest, there were snowdrifts piled up, from where a new canopy ope … More ning was found to be developing. Moreover, trees around the canopy opening started to be withered.It can be said that this phenomenon of withering is largely caused by the wind impact, but it is necessary to know the water flux in a tree in order to explain the withering and damaging process of the tree due to the wind impact. This called our attention to the water content in leaves of a tree to be used as an index for the withering/damaging stage. Accordingly, to clarify its effect on the above-mentioned process of a tree, we examined a seasonal change of the water content in needle leaves of an Abies-veitchii tree or the relation between the water content in needle leaves and the withering process of the corresponding trees in the wave regenerated forest. This examination proved that the water content in needle leaves in the wind-impacted area increases from September to November and gradually decreases during the subsequent winter. Also, we examined the water content according to our classification by the discoloration of leaves, which allows the visual check on the withering stage of a needle leaf. And this showed that the water content in leaves of a tree can be excellent aids in indicating the withering process of the forest trees.In addition, by using the differential scanning calorimeter to measure the endothermic reaction of the water content in a needle leaf, we obtained a result indicating that the water content in leaves can reflect the slightest withering level. This result suggests that the above-stated approach - the one with the water content in leaves of a tree - can be used effectively as an index for the withering status of the forest trees. It is necessary, hereafter, to advance a further explanation as to the withering process of the forest trees in this approach or something similar thereto. Less

美国白色山地区的波浪再生森林，由Spurgel报道，对应于在日本被称为“Shimagare”型森林的森林。对这种波浪式更新林的研究较多，但对波浪式更新林雪季条件的研究较少。kitai和Maeda曾经报道过，雪已经摧毁了北八岳山波浪再生森林的部分结构，树木的死亡就是从那里开始的。从那时起，由于雪的影响，波生森林的结构一直在继续经历逐渐的变化。因此，我们研究了目前的森林状况，发现1980年左右以前由幼树组成的区域现在已经变成了成熟的树木区域，以前的幼苗区域变成了桉树区域。在目前雪最大的杉树区的迎风面，有雪堆堆积，新的树冠从那里打开 ...更多信息 宁被发现正在发展。可以说，这种枯死现象很大程度上是由风的作用引起的，但要解释树木在风的作用下的枯死破坏过程，必须知道树木内部的水通量。这引起了我们的注意，树叶中的含水量可用作枯萎/破坏阶段的指标。因此，为了阐明其对树木上述过程的影响，我们研究了针叶含水量的季节变化，针叶含水量和相应的树木在波浪再生林中的枯萎过程之间的关系。结果表明，受风影响地区针叶含水量在9 ~ 11月呈上升趋势，在随后的冬季逐渐下降。此外，我们根据我们的分类通过叶子的变色检查了含水量，这允许对针叶的枯萎阶段进行目视检查。另外，利用差示扫描量热仪对针叶含水量的吸热反应进行了测定，结果表明，叶片含水量可以反映出林木的最轻微的萎蔫程度。这一结果表明，上述方法-一个与树木的叶片中的水分含量-可以有效地用于作为一个指标的森林树木的枯萎状态。有必要在下文中进一步解释这种方法或类似方法中林木的枯萎过程。少