Study on Theory and Practices of Agricultural-environmental Policy in Germany

德国农业环境政策理论与实践研究

• 批准号: 05660255
• 负责人: YOKOGAWA Hiroshi
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05660255/
• 关键词: agricultural-environmental policy; extensification of agricultural production; direct payments; external effects of agriculture; biological diversity; landscape; biotope; ground water pollution; 農業生産の粗放化; 種の多様性; 農耕景観保全; 水源税

The intensive agricultural production in the European Community countries since 1960s caused ground water pollution, loss of biological diversity, erosion of fields and simplification of landscape, which are called as the negative external effects. An environmental policy was required in agriculture : the agricultural-environmental policy.Three programs of Province Baden-Wuerttemberg in Germany, namely (1) "Biotop-Vernetzung" Program (1991-), (2) "Wasserpfenning" Program (1988-) and (3) "MEKA" (Marktentlastungs- und Kulturlandschaftsausgleich)" Program (1992-) go ahead of the regular formation of agricultural-environmental policy by the Reform of Common Agricultural Policy of the European Community in 1992.They are essentially the programs of extensification of agricultural production : the reduction of input of agricultural production factors per hectare such as manure and fertilizer, plant protection products and livestocks, and practices of diversified resource-conserving crop rotat … More ions. The Biotop-Vernetzung Program (biotope networking program) aims to create biotope (wildlife habitat) on the edges of fields and grasslands by means of reduction of input of manure and fertilizer and plant protection products, or by means of hedging a field. The Wasserpfenning Program (water pollution protecting program) aims to improve the ground water quality by means of restriction of manure and fertilizer and plant protection products on the fields and grasslands in the water pollution protection areas. The MEKA Program (over-production discouraging and landscape improving program) aims to promote an environmentally-compatible use of fields and grasslands in a holistic way by agricultural practices that enhance soil and water quality, protect wet anddry lands, improve soil, water, and energy conservation, and restore wildlife habitat.Various negative external effects of intensive agricultural production, such as ground water pollution, decrease of biological diversity, erosion of fields and simplification of landscape could be diminished by the extensification practices of these programs. If the extensification in the framework of agricultural-environmental policy causes a loss in income, farmers will be compensated for it with the direct payments by the government. Less

20世纪60年代以来，欧共体国家的集约化农业生产造成了地下水污染、生物多样性丧失、农田侵蚀和景观单一化等负面外部效应。农业需要一项环境政策：德国巴登-符腾堡州的三个农业环境政策计划，即（1）“生态-环境”计划（1991-），（2）“Wasserpfenning”方案（1988年至今）和（3）“MEKA”方案（Marktentlastungs-und Kulturlandschaftsausgleich）”计划（1992-）走在农业正规化的前面，1992年欧共体共同农业政策改革提出的环境政策，其实质是农业生产的扩大化计划：减少每公顷农业生产要素的投入，如粪肥、植保产品和牲畜，多种资源节约型轮作方式 ...更多信息 离子。生物群落-Vernetzung方案（生物群落网络方案）旨在通过减少粪肥和化肥以及植物保护产品的投入，或通过对田地进行树篱保护，在田地和草地的边缘建立生物群落（野生动物栖息地）。Wasserpfenning计划（水污染保护计划）旨在通过限制水污染保护区内农田和草地上的粪肥和化肥以及植物保护产品的使用来改善地下水质量。MEKA计划（减少过度生产和改善景观计划）旨在通过农业实践，以提高土壤和水质，保护湿地和旱地，改善土壤，水和能源保护，恢复野生动物栖息地的方式，以综合的方式促进对农田和草地的环境兼容利用。通过这些项目的扩展实践，可以减少生物多样性的减少、农田的侵蚀和景观的简化。如果在农业环境政策框架内的推广造成农民收入损失，政府将直接支付补偿。少

项目成果

横川 洋: "ドイツにおける農業環境政策の現状" 調査と情報(農林中金総研). 85. 3-4 (1993)

横河浩：《德国农业环境政策的现状》调查与信息（农林中金研究所）85. 3-4 (1993)。

H., Yokogawa: "The Wasserpfennig Program of Baden-Wuerttemberg in Germany" Journal of Rural Economics. 66 (2). 117 (1994)

H.，横河电机：“德国巴登-符腾堡州的水芬尼格计划”农村经济学杂志。

横川洋: "バーデン・ヴュルテンベルク州のMEKAプログラム" 農業経済研究. 65-2. 129 (1993)

横河浩：“巴登-符腾堡州的 MEKA 计划”农业经济研究 65-2 (1993)。

H., Yokogawa: "Present Situation of Agricultural-environmental Policy in Germany" Research and Information. 85. 3-4 (1993)

H.，横河：“德国农业环境政策现状”研究和信息。

H., Yokogawa: "The Biotop-Vernetzung Program of Baden-Wuerttemberg in Germany" Review of Agricultural Economics. 45 (1). 66 (1994)

H.，横河电机：“德国巴登-符腾堡州的 Biotop-Vernetzung 计划”农业经济学评论。