Principles and Conditions for Formation of Agri-environmental Policies

农业环境政策制定的原则和条件

• 批准号: 09460102
• 负责人: YOKOGAWA Hiroshi
• 金额: $ 5.06万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09460102/
• 关键词: polluter pays principle (PPP); publilc charge principle; beneficial effects of agriculture; harmful effects of agriculture; reference level; code of good agricultural practice; direkt payments to farmers; agricultural sustainability; 環境保全型農薬; 農業環

Principles and Conditions for Formation of Agri-environmental PoliciesThe new era of discussins on the relationship between agriculture and environment in our academic society, which opened with the symposium "Agriculture and Environment" of Japanese, Society of Agricultural Economics in 1996, requires of us to explain, how two principles of environmental policy, the polluter pays principle (PPP) and the public charge principle, can be applied to Japanese agriculture. In order to explain the question, we built a project team and made researches from different viewpoints. Main results are the following. (1) The classifing criterion between positive effects and negative effects of agriculture on the environment, namely the "reference level" which distinguishes beneficial effects from harmful effects, is based on the environmental outcome of "good farming practice? . The public charge principle can only be applied to cases of beneficial effects of. Agriculture and the direct payments can … More be done to farmers in those cases, and the PPP should be applied to cases of harmful effects of agriculture. Farmers in those cases must pay the costs for reducing the harmful effects from his own purse. But the "reference level" varies within and across countries, and over time, and is influenced by different perceptions of agricultural sustainability. (2) A theoretical model of landclassification for a more environment-friendly use of land is proposed. The components of the model are soil fertility and soil capacity. (3) An extensive cattle industry on grassland in the Aso-mountain area provides the beneficial effects (beautiful landscape, biodiversity etc.), but because of less profitability the number of cattle farmers has decreased. A counter-measure could be the direct payments to farmers from communal budget or from tourists-tax. (4) Plant productions with too intensive chemical inputs should reduce herbicides und pesticides and fertilizer, and leading measures to this goal could be technological developments and economic incentives to farmers. Less

农业环境政策制定原则与条件1996年日本农业经济学会“农业与环境”研讨会的召开，开启了我国学术界对农业与环境关系讨论新时期，这就要求我们解释环境政策两大原则--污染者付费原则（PPP）和公共负担原则，可以应用于日本农业。为了解释这个问题，我们成立了一个项目小组，从不同的角度进行了研究。主要结果如下。(1)农业对环境正、负效应的划分标准，即区分有利效应和有害效应的“参考水平”，是以“良好耕作方式？.公共负担原则只能适用于具有有益效果的情况。农业和直接支付可以 ...更多信息 在这些情况下，应该对农民采取行动，购买力平价应适用于农业有害影响的情况。在这些情况下，农民必须从自己的钱包中支付减少有害影响的费用。但是，“参考水平”在各国内部和各国之间以及在不同的时间内是不同的，并受到对农业可持续性的不同看法的影响。(2)提出了一个更加环境友好的土地利用的土地分类理论模型。该模型的组成部分是土壤肥力和土壤容量。(3)阿苏山区草原上广泛的养牛业提供了有益的影响（美丽的景观，生物多样性等），但由于利润减少，养牛户的人数减少了。一项对策可能是从社区预算或旅游税中直接向农民支付。(4)化学投入过于密集的植物生产应减少除草剂、杀虫剂和化肥，实现这一目标的主要措施可能是技术发展和对农民的经济激励。少

项目成果

横川 洋: "農業環境政策システムの構造分析 - ヨーロッパを中心に" 伊東・徳増編著『現代経済システムの展望』九大出版会. 57-68 (1997)

Hiroshi Yokokawa：“农业和环境政策体系的结构分析 - 以欧洲为中心” Ito 和 Tokumasu（编），《现代经济体系展望》，九州大学出版 57-68（1997 年）。

横川 洋(共著): "序説 第6節 先進諸国の農業・農村環境政策" 嘉田良平,西尾道徳「農林水産文献解題 農業と環境問題」農林統計協会(印刷中), (1999)

横河浩（合着）：《发达国家农业农村环境政策导论第6节》加田良平、西尾纪吉《农林水产文献评论：农业与环境问题》农林统计协会（出版中）， (1999)

胡 柏: "減農薬・減化学肥料型農業の展開条件に関する一考察" 1998年度 日本農業経済学会論文集. 138-142 (1998)

胡白：“减少农药、减少化肥发展农业的条件研究”1998年日本农业经济学会学报138-142（1998）。

HU,Bai: "An Examination on Posibility of Reducing Fertilizer and Pesticide Use in Kyushu Agriculture" Proceedings of Annual Conference of the Agricultural Economics Society of Japan. 138-142 (1998)

胡白：《九州农业减少化肥农药使用的可能性探讨》日本农业经济学会年会论文集。