权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Study on the New Era of the European Agriculture Under the Trade Liberalization and the Strategy of "Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Each Rural Community"

贸易自由化下欧洲农业新时代及“乡村农业可持续发展”战略研究

基本信息

批准号：
07660293
负责人：
YOKOGAWA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The new era of the european agriculture began about the middle of 1980's. The essential components of the new era are(1) the combination of the agricultural policy and the environmental policy, namely the new formation of the agri-environmental policy in the CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) of the European Union,(2) the de-coupling of the income policy from the production policy, namely a drastic reduction of the price subsidies on the one side and, as its compensation, the direct income-payments to the farmers on the other side,(3) the application of the new technics of production, namely a development of the sustainable (ecological, biological, organic) farming,(4) the promotion of the farmers side-businesses for tourists such as country-side pensions and direct-marketing of the agricultural and homemade products, namely a development of so-called green tourism (rural tourism, agri-tourism) in the rural areas.The new era of the european agriculture since the middle of 1980's means therefore a manifold development of the multi-functions of agriculture, and then needs a new protection concept of agriculture by means of a new type of agricultural policy which applies the method of cross-compliance (combination) of the governmental protection of farmers and the farmers promises of the protection of environment. Another type of agricultural policy aims at the protection of the farmers in the less favored regions. The common tool applied for these new protections is the direct income-payments to farmers.Consequently there are three types of direct income-payments to farmers : (1) as compensation for the price down, (2) as honorarium for the environmental protection, (3) as adjustment for the handicap in theless favored regions.In addition it seems in the European Union to be a political concept of the well-balanced development of industry and agriculture, and this concept may contribute to a high rate of the self-sufficiency of food in the EU.

欧洲农业的新时代大约始于20世纪80年代中期。新时期农业政策的基本内容是：（1）农业政策与环境政策的结合，即农业环境政策在共同农业政策体系中的新形态（2）收入政策与生产政策脱钩，即一方面大幅削减价格补贴，作为补偿，另一方面，直接支付给农民的收入，（3）新的生产技术的应用，即可持续发展（生态、生物、有机）农业，（4）促进农民为游客提供的副业，如农村养老金和直接销售农产品和自制产品，即发展所谓的绿色旅游因此，自20世纪80年代中期以来，欧洲农业的新时代意味着农业多功能的多方面发展，需要一种新的农业保护理念，即采用交叉遵从的方式，政府对农民的保护与农民对环境保护的承诺相结合。另一种农业政策旨在保护欠发达地区的农民。这些新的保护措施所采用的共同手段是向农民直接支付收入，因此，向农民直接支付收入有三种：（1）作为降价的补偿，（2）作为环保的酬金，（3）作为对欠发达地区不利条件的调整。此外，在欧盟，它似乎是一个良好的政治概念，工业和农业的平衡发展，这一概念可能有助于提高欧盟的粮食自给率。