Science of Technology Policy during the Occupation

占领期间的科学技术政策

• 批准号: 05680065
• 负责人: NAKAYAMA Shigeru
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Kanagawa University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05680065/
• 关键词: Science of Technology; Postwar; Japan; Occupation; -

A nation-wide paraoia has started which drove the Japanese to the 'progress or perish'drive toward catching up the front of Westem military technology as well as whole enterprise of science. This paranoia has well lasted up until the end of the Second World War in 1945. Subsueing occupation by the American had prohibited for a Japanese to engage in the science of military application, notably in the nuclear and aeronautical. It is significant that even now the Japanese are still behind in nuclear and space science, two major branches of cold-war military-industrial establishment.Instead of militarfy inclination, the hungry postwar Japanese concentrated in science and technology for economic recovery for sheer physical survival. Though by late 1950's, prewar level of living standard was achieved, the inertia persisted up until 1970, when anti-pollution campaign and following oil crisis has changed their emphasis of industrial policy form heavy chemical industry to light fine industry of electronics.

一种全国性的偏执已经开始，这驱使日本人在追赶西方军事技术和整个科学事业的前沿上，走向“要么进步，要么灭亡”的驱动力。这种偏执一直持续到1945年第二次世界大战结束。美国提起占领诉讼，禁止日本人从事军事应用科学，特别是在核和航空领域。值得注意的是，即使是现在，日本人在核科学和空间科学这两个冷战时期军工机构的主要分支上仍然落后。战后饥饿的日本人没有军事化倾向，而是为了纯粹的物质生存而专注于经济复苏的科学和技术。虽然到了50年代末，S的生活水平已经达到战前水平，但这种惯性一直持续到1970年，当时的反污染运动和随之而来的石油危机使他们的产业政策重点从重化工转向轻电子精细工业。

项目成果

中山,茂: "占領と戦後改革、科学技術" 岩波,

中山茂：《占领、战后改革、科学与技术》岩波，

S.Nakayama: "How to Assess The Recenyt Brain Reverse Phenomena : A Report of A Visit to Taiwan by A Japanese Research Team" Science Studies. Vol.2. 44-49 (1994)

S.Nakayama：“如何评估最近的大脑逆向现象：日本研究小组访问台湾的报告”科学研究。

中山茂・吉岡斉編: "戦後科学技術の社会史" 朝日出版社, (1995)

Shigeru Nakayama 和 Hitoshi Yoshioka（编辑）：《战后科学技术的社会史》朝日出版社，（1995 年）

中山茂: "サイエンス-ミッションズの来日" 通史-日本の科学技術. 1. 122-131 (1995)

Shigeru Nakayama：“科学使命来到日本”日本科学技术史。1. 122-131 (1995)。

中山茂: "総説 占領期" 通史-日本の科学技術. 1. 17-45 (1995)

中山茂：“占领时期概述”日本科学技术史。1. 17-45 (1995)。