Science of Technology Policy during the Occupation

一场全国性的运动开始了，它驱使日本人走向“要么进步，要么灭亡”的道路，以赶上西方军事技术和整个科学事业的前沿。这种偏执一直持续到1945年第二次世界大战结束。美国人的占领禁止日本人从事军事应用科学，特别是核和航空科学。值得注意的是，即使是现在，日本在核科学和空间科学这两个冷战时期军事工业的主要分支方面仍然落后，战后如饥似渴的日本人没有军事化倾向，而是集中精力发展科学技术，以恢复经济，纯粹是为了生存。虽然到了50年代后期，生活水平已经达到战前的水平，但这种惯性一直持续到1970年，当时的反污染运动和随后的石油危机使他们的产业政策重点从重化工业转向电子轻工业。

A nation-wide paraoia has started which drove the Japanese to the 'progress or perish'drive toward catching up the front of Westem military technology as well as whole enterprise of science. This paranoia has well lasted up until the end of the Second World War in 1945. Subsueing occupation by the American had prohibited for a Japanese to engage in the science of military application, notably in the nuclear and aeronautical. It is significant that even now the Japanese are still behind in nuclear and space science, two major branches of cold-war military-industrial establishment.Instead of militarfy inclination, the hungry postwar Japanese concentrated in science and technology for economic recovery for sheer physical survival. Though by late 1950's, prewar level of living standard was achieved, the inertia persisted up until 1970, when anti-pollution campaign and following oil crisis has changed their emphasis of industrial policy form heavy chemical industry to light fine industry of electronics.