Geogruphicul Studyon the economic interdependesiry between Japanese and American cities

自第二次世界大战结束以来，美国和日本之间的相互依存关系一直在稳步加强，结果是在今天，两国经济深度交织在一起。日本经济的发展对美国的影响很大，而美国的发展对日本有直接的影响。此外，近年来信息和通信技术的令人眼花缭乱的发展，运输时间和费用的减少，工业生产的全球化，以及自由贸易的推进，都使这两个国家的经济更加紧密。在这种相互依存的加剧中，一国企业在另一国的企业正在迅速加速发展。日本和美国企业的这些新的空间位置在这两个国家并不一致；相反，它们已经被吸引到某些地区，并聚集在特殊的城市，具有明显的地区差异。企业或行业所在的城市取决于企业的类型和规模。例如，银行、金融和保险公司倾向于设在大城市，而高科技和汽车产业主要集中在地区中等城市。此外，自20世纪50年代以来，走出国门的产业的类型、规模和数量都发生了很大变化，而且这种海外转移的模式在美国和日本公司之间也不同。在时间和空间上，这些公司的这种区位模式已经变得相当复杂。

Since the end of the Second World War, the interdependent relationship between the United States and Japan has been steadily intensifying, with the result that today, the economies of the two countries are deeply intertwined. Developments in the Japanese economy greatly affect that of the Unites States, while developments in the American have an immediate impact on Japan. Moreover, the dazzling developments in recent years of information and communications technology, reductlons in shippling time and expenses, the globalization of industrial production, and the advance of free trade have all worked the bring the economies of these two nations much closer.Amid this intensification of mutual dependency are the rapidly accelerating advances that businesses from one country have been making in the other country. These new spatial positionings of Japanese and American businesses are not uniform throughout either nation ; rather, they have gravitated toward certain regions and have agglomerated in special cities, with clear regional differences. The city in which a business or industry locates depends on the type and scale of the enterprise. For example, banking, finance, and insurance companies tend to locate in large cities, while high-tech and automobile industries are mainly found in medium-sized regional cities. In addition, the types, scale, and number of industries going abroad have all changed considerably since the 1950s ; moreover patterns for this overseas movement differ between American and Japanese firms. In terms of time and space, such locational patterns for these firms have become quite complex.