Demographic Genetics of Some Japanese Liliaceous Species

本文研究了日本百合科五种植物，即多果性多年生植物Erythronium Japan onicum Decne.、小叶贝母Fritillaria koidzumiana Ohwi Ohwi、心叶百合科植物CIA cordatum(Thunb.)Makino(包括瓦尔Glehni(Fr.)Schm.)Hara)(一种单果多年生植物)、Disporum无柄D.Don和Disporum smilacimum A.Gray(均为单果假一年生植物)在本州富山县的几个地区进行了调查。根据单位样地中每株植物的叶面积，对所有五个物种的种群大小级结构进行了调查。在此基础上，采用等电聚焦法，以苯酚为底物，对各种群的过氧化物酶同工酶图谱进行了分析。在pH值为3.5~9.6的苯酚溶液中检测到的所有过氧化物酶带均以不同指数为基础进行了分析，野生种群白刺和贝母的DI值均为典型的正态曲线，而心形贝母的DI值则呈偏态分布，通过产生小鳞茎进行营养繁殖。另一方面，具有完全不同种群结构的单果假一年生植物Disporum milacum表现出极不对称的DI值分布模式。所有这些不同的植物种群的人口遗传结构都是由特定物种的繁殖方法(主要是两性生殖或无融合生殖)和繁殖系统(无论是优势近亲繁殖还是近亲繁殖)决定的。

The demographic-genetic structures of field populations of five Japanese liliaceous species, i.e., Erythronium japonicum Decne., Fritillaria koidzumiana Ohwi (both typical polycarpic outbreeding perennials), Cardiocrinum cordatum (Thunb.) Makino (incl. var. glehni (Fr. Schm.) Hara) (a monocarpic perennial), Disporum sessile D. Don and Disporum smilacimum A. Gray (both monocarpic pseudo-annuals), were investigated in several localities of Toyama Prefecture, Honshu. For all five species, size-class structures of populations were investigated based on the leaf area of each individual plant present in the unit-sampling plots. Then, peroxydase isozyme patterns of each population were analyzed by the isoelectric focusing method using a thin plate of ampholine. All peroxydase bands which were detected in a pH range of 3.5 to 9.6 of ampholine were analyzed based on the dissimilarity index.Typical normal curves of the D.I. values were obtained from wild populations of Erythronium japonicum and Fritillaria koidzumiana, whereas a somewhat skewed distribution pattern was detected in those of Cardiocrinum cordatum, which propagates vegetatively by producing daughter bulblets. On the other hand, Disporum smilacinum, a monocarpic pseudo-annual with entirely different population structures, exhibited exceedingly skewed distribution patterns of the D.I values.All such different demographic-genetic structures of plant populations are most strongly determined by the method of reproduction (whether predominantly amphimictic or apomictic) and by the breeding system (whether predominantly outbreeding or inbreeding) of the particular species in question.