Comparative molecular systematics of North American Plants with the main emphasis on cool-temperate and boreal Asiatic elements

北美植物的比较分子系统学，主要强调冷温带和北方亚洲元素

• 批准号: 08041143
• 负责人: KAWANO Shoichi
• 金额: $ 11.01万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08041143/
• 关键词: allozyme analysis; American Beech; Trillium; Erythronium; Arcto-Tersiary elements; Fagus; mat K gene; rbc L gene; 第3紀冷温帯要素

Molecular systematic analyzes, phylogenetic relationships, and genetic affinity of various North American as well as Japanese cool-temperate elements of Arcto-Tertiary origin were stduied in a two-year period 1996 thorough 1997.(1) matK gene of cpDNA were sequenced and their phylogenetic relationships were analyzed for the following groups, with the main emphasis on the members of Liliiflorae and Magnolia : Trillium (37 spp.), Uvularia (5 spp.), Erythronium (15 spp.), Lilium (37 spp.), Notholirion (1 sp.), Nomocharis (2 spp.), Fritillaria (15 ssp.), Medeola (1 sp.), Scoliopus (2 spp.), Convallaria (1 sp.), Clintonia (5 spp.), Tulipa (2 spp.), Veraturum (1 sp.), Cardiocrinum (1 sp.), Magnolia (25 spp.), Michelia (2 spp.), Liriodendron (2 spp.). The sessile group of Trillium subgenus Phyllantherum formed one conspicuous clade, as expected, but T.grandiflorumand T.ovatum proved to represent a sister group, paraphyletic to the former group. T.undulatum, T.pusillum, and T.govanianum are par … More aphyletic to the remaining group of the genus. Many new evidence have been obtained for the other members analyzed, and the papers are in preparation.(2) Population biology of vatious woodland elements were also studied, using protein polymorphisms (allozyme) as genetic markers. The main emphasis was placed in the genus Fagus, a representative cool-temperate woody group which occurs in several regions in northern hemisphere, including the vast areas in eastem North America (Fagus grandifolia), and in Japan (F.crenata and F.japonica). The demographic genetic structures of 25 local populations at 21 sites of 11 localities in North America were critically examined. Two distinct types, one without root suckers and the other with extensive root sucket formation, are known. Very complex but distinct genetic structures were found to occur in these two types of the North American beech.(3) Demographic genetic structures of typical woodland clonal elements were also studied : Uvularia perfoliata, Disporum smilacinum (both typucal pseudo-annual), and Heloniopsis orientalis. Unexpectedly, much higher genetic variations proved to be pooled at the metapopulation level, with each patch and local population comprising unique genetic variations. Vegetative reproduction is very effective in all these clonal species with regular separation of ramets every season, possibly playing a key role of maintaining such a high genetic variabilities within each metapopulation. Less

1996 ~ 1997年对北美和日本寒温带寒纪-第三纪元素进行了分子系统分析、系统发育关系和遗传亲缘性研究。(1)测序cpDNA的matK基因，分析以下类群的系统发育关系，重点分析百合科和白玉兰科成员：万里草（37种）、小木耳（5种）、赤藓（15种）、百合（37种）、野百合（1种）、野百合（2种）、贝母（15种）、蜜地拉（1种）、蝎蝎属（2种）、孔花属（1种）、金莲属（5种）、郁金香（2种）、Veraturum（1种）、cardiocrum（1种）、木兰（25种）、含笑草（2种）、鹅掌楸（2种）。无柄群如预期的那样形成了一个明显的分支，但桔梗群和卵形群被证明是一个姐妹群，与前者类群有副关系。波状霉、pusillum霉和govanium霉与该属的其他类群相比更不成熟。已经获得了许多可供其他成员分析的新证据，论文正在准备中。(2)以蛋白质多态性（等位酶）为遗传标记，研究了不同林地植物的种群生物学。研究重点放在了Fagus属，这是一个具有代表性的冷温带木本类群，分布在北半球的几个地区，包括北美东部的大片地区（Fagus granfolia）和日本（f.g renata和f.g japonica）。对北美11个地区21个地点的25个地方种群的人口统计学遗传结构进行了严格的研究。已知两种不同的类型，一种没有根吸盘，另一种有广泛的根吸盘形成。在这两种北美山毛榉中发现了非常复杂但不同的遗传结构。(3)研究了典型林地无性系植物：perfoliata Uvularia、Disporum smilacinum（均为典型的伪一年生植物）和Heloniopsis orientalis的种群遗传结构。出乎意料的是，更高的遗传变异被证明是在元种群水平上汇集的，每个斑块和当地种群都包含独特的遗传变异。无性繁殖在所有这些无性繁殖物种中都是非常有效的，每个季节都有规律地分离分株，可能在每个元种群中保持如此高的遗传变异中起着关键作用。少

项目成果

Kawano, S 他: "Genetic variation and relationships of Japanese populations of Oxalis corniculata L.(Oxalidaceac)detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)." Plant Species Biology. 12. 25-34 (1997)

Kawano, S 等人：“通过随机扩增多态性 DNA (RAPD) 检测日本酢浆草种群的遗传变异和关系。植物物种生物学”12. 25-34 (1997)。

Kawano, S.and Kitamura, K.: "Demographic genetics of the Japanese beech, Fagus crenata, at Ogawa Forest Preserve, Ibaraki, Central Honshu, Japan.III.population dynamic and genetic substructuring within a metapopulation." Plant Species Biology. 12. 137-155

Kawano, S. 和 Kitamura, K.：“日本山毛榉 (Fagus crenata) 的人口遗传学，位于日本本州中部茨城县小川森林保护区。III. 集合种群内的种群动态和遗传亚结构。”

Azuma, H., Thien, L.B., Toyota, M., Asakawa, Y.and Kawano, S.: "Differential expression of anit-herbivore chemicals in leaves and flowers of Magnoliaceae." Journal of Chemical Ecology. 23. 2467-2478 (1997)

Azuma, H.、Thien, L.B.、Toyota, M.、Asakawa, Y. 和 Kawano, S.：“木兰科叶子和花朵中反草食动物化学物质的差异表达。”

Azuma,H.: "Naphtalene-a constituent of Magnolia flowers" Phytochemistry. 42. 999-1004 (1996)

Azuma,H.：“萘——木兰花的一种成分”植物化学。

Kitamura, K., Shimada, K., Nakashima, K.and Kawano, S.: "Demographic genetics of the Japanese beech, Fagus crenata, at Ogawa Forest Preserve, Ibaraki, Central Honshu, Japan.II.Genetic substructuring among size-class in local populations." Plant Species Bi

Kitamura, K.、Shimada, K.、Nakashima, K. 和 Kawano, S.：“日本山毛榉 (Fagus crenata) 的人口遗传学，位于日本本州中部茨城县小川森林保护区。II.大小之间的遗传基础