Comparative Floristic and Ecological Studies on the Temperate Elements in North America

北美温带要素的比较植物区系和生态学研究

• 批准号: 01041053
• 负责人: KAWANO Shoichi
• 金额: $ 15.04万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1989 至 1991
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01041053/
• 关键词: Arcto-Tertiary element; life history evolution; demography; reproductive biology; geocline; leaf allometry; temperate element; cpDNA; rbch; RFLP analysis; molecular systematics; 繁殖戦略; cpDNA; 分子系統地理学; 比較生活史; 地理的変異; 種分化

The present research project has an objective to investigate the evolutionary-ecological divergence of the so-called Arcto-Tertiary elements which exhibit typical disjunct distributions between the temperate zones of eastern Asia and eastern or western North America. In this three years project, the main emphasis has been placed to investigate on the following points :(1) geographical and ecological distributions of various Arcto-Tertiary elements ; (2) life history and demographic characteristics of various herbaceous elements ; (3) karyological characteristics (types of resting nuclei, chromosome numbers and karyotypes) ; (4) molecular characteristics (RFLP patterns of cpDNA ; structures of rbeL gene, etc.), and evaluations of life history and molecular data in terms of evolutionary-ecological implications.Results : 1. Living materials collected during three years were as follows : Monocots : (1) Trillium, (2) Disporum (Prosartes), (3) Clintonia, (4) Smilacina, (5) Polygonatum, (6) U … More vularia, (7) Helonias(8) Chamaelirium, (9) Erythronium, (10) Medeola, (11) Scoliopus, (12) Allium, (13) Lilium, (14) Zygadenus, (15) Pritillaria, (16) Calochortus, (17) Tofieldia, (18) Streptopus, (19) Lysichtum, (20) Arisaema, (21) Brachyelytrum, (22) Amarylidaceae ; Dicots : (1) Panax, (2) Asaruin, (3) Achlys, (4) Caulophyllum, (5) Vancouveria, (6) Kdenocaulon, (7) Epigaea, (8) Dicentra, (9) Hydrophyllum., (10) Mitchella, (11) Hepatica, (12) Podophyllum, (13) Cimicifuga, (14) Coptis, (15) Oxhlis, (16) totaenia, (17) Claytonia, (18) Mitella, (19) Boykinia, (20) Phryma, (21) Trauttvetteria, (22) Viola, (23) Impatiens, (24) Tovara, (25) Polygonum, (26) Rumex, (27) Chrolanthus, (28) Achilles, (29) Aster, (30) Cacalia, (31)Heuchrea, (32) Prenathes. The total numbers of genera and species attained 54 genera and 135 species of the Arcto-Tertiary elements. 2. Herbarium specimens collected attained ca. 1, 500 sheets which are at present under investigation ; especially most of the cool-temperate and warmtemperate ferns, attaining 34 genera and 119 species, were collected, which would be the first extensive collections of North American ferns. 3. Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of all five North American Disporum subgenus Prosartes were determined. All other liliaceous materials collected are being studied at present. 4. Life history and demographic characteristics of 30 North American Trillium were critically investigated. Two Scoliopus species and Medeola virginiana were/are also studied (both Trilliaceae). 5. CpDNA characteristics, as revealed by RFLP analysis and sequencing of rbcL gene have been examined on various Arcto-Tertiary elements, with a main emphasis on the Liliaceae s. lat. and Araceae, and based on these new evidence their phylogenetic relationships were analyzed. The groups studied wre : Trillium, Medeola, Scoliopus, Disporum (Prosartes), Maianthemum, Clintonia, Streptopus, Smilacina, Uvularia, Helonias, Heloniopsis, Narthecium, Metanarthecium, Chamaelirium, Chionographis, several Araceas genera. 6. Life history characteristics of Erythronium oregonum, E. elegans, E. howellii, Uvularia grandiflora, U. sessifolia, U. perfoliata, and U. pudica were/are now under investigation. Reproductive biology and life history features of Arisaemea triphyllum, caudatum, and A. canadense are being critically studied.Papers compiling all the results obtained and further critically analyzed on the above mentioned groups are now in preparation or have already been published or submitted to relevant scientific journals, respectively, as shown in a list of publications.Patterns of leaf development, leaf allometry, and geographical variations of several fern species, e. g., Strupthioptteris, Blechnum, Polystichum, Dryopteris, etc. were also critically examined based on the materials collected in the present projects as to the results are now in preparation. Less

本研究项目的目标是调查所谓的北极-第三纪元素的进化生态分歧，这些元素在东亚温带和北美东部或西部之间表现出典型的分离分布。在这个为期三年的项目中，主要重点研究以下几点：（1）北极-第三纪各种要素的地理和生态分布； (2)各种草本植物的生活史和人口统计特征； (3) 核学特征（静息核类型、染色体数目和核型）； （4）分子特征（cpDNA的RFLP模式；rbeL基因的结构等），以及从进化生态学意义方面对生活史和分子数据进行评估。结果：1.三年期间收集的生物材料如下：单子叶植物：（1）延龄草，（2）Disporum（Prosartes），（3）Clintonia，（4）Smilacina，（5） 黄精、(6) U … More vularia、(7) Helonias(8) Chamaeliium、(9) Erythrium、(10) Medeola、(11) Scoliopus、(12) 葱、(13) 百合、(14) Zygadenus、(15) Pritillaria、(16) Calochortus、(17) Tofieldia、(18) Streptopus、 (19) 金钱草属(Lysichtum)、(20)天南星(Arisaema)、(21)短柄草属(Brachyelytrum)、(22)石蒜科(Amarylidaceae)；双子叶植物 : (1) 人参 (Panax)、(2) 细辛 (Asaruin)、(3) Achlys、(4) 叶藻 (Caulophyllum)、(5) 温哥华 (Vancouveria)、(6) 克氏茎 (Kdenocaulon)、(7) Epigaea、(8) 荷包牡丹 (Dicentra)、(9) Hydrophyllum.、(10) Mitchella、(11) Hepatica、(12) 鬼臼属、(13) 升麻、(14) 黄连、(15) Oxhlis、(16) totaenia、(17) Claytonia、(18) Mitella、(19) Boykinia、(20) Phryma、(21) Trauttvetteria、(22) 中提琴、(23) 凤仙花、(24) Tovara、(25) 蓼、(26) 酸模、(27) Chrolanthus、 （28）阿喀琉斯，（29）紫菀， （30）卡卡利亚，（31）Heuchrea，（32）普雷纳斯。北极-第三纪元素属和种总数达到54属和135种。 2. 植物标本采集达到约。 1、目前正在调查的500张；尤其是大部分的冷温带和暖温带蕨类植物，共34属119种，这将是北美蕨类植物的第一个广泛收藏。 3.测定了所有五个北美Disporum亚属Prosartes的染色体数目和核型。目前正在研究收集到的所有其他百合材料。 4. 对30株北美延龄草的生活史和种群特征进行了严格的调查。还研究了两种 Scoliopus 物种和 Medeola virginiana（均为延龄草科）。 5. 通过 RFLP 分析和 rbcL 基因测序揭示的 CpDNA 特征已在各种 Arcto-Tertiary 元素上进行了检查，主要重点是百合科。纬度和天南星科，并根据这些新证据分析了它们的系统发育关系。研究组为：延龄草属、Medeola属、Scoliopus属、Disporum (Prosartes)属、Maianthemum属、Clintonia属、Streptopus属、Smilacina属、Uvularia属、Helonias属、Heloniopsis属、Narthecium属、Metanarthecium属、Chamaelirium属、Chionographis属、几个Araceas属。 6. 目前正在对 Erythrium oregum、E. elegans、E. howellii、Uvularia grandiflora、U. sessifolia、U. perfoliata 和 U. pudica 的生活史特征进行调查。三叶天南星、尾天南星和加拿大南星天南星的生殖生物学和生活史特征正在严格研究中。对上述群体的所有结果进行汇编并进一步进行严格分析的论文正在准备中，或者已经发表或提交给相关科学期刊，分别如出版物列表所示。叶发育模式、叶异速生长和地理变异 几种蕨类植物，例如根据本项目收集的材料，还对例如Strupthiopteris、Blechnum、Polystichum、Dryopteris等进行了严格的检查，目前正在准备结果。较少的

项目成果

Kato,H.,Terauchi,R.and Kawano,S.: "Molecular systematics of the genus Trillium L.II.CpDNA variation and phylogeny of the genus Trillium L." Pl.Syst.Evol.

Kato,H.、Terauchi,R. 和 Kawano,S.：“延龄草属的分子系统学。II.CpDNA 变异和延龄草属的系统发育。”

Momose,K.,Terauchi,R.and Kawano,S.: "Molecular systematics of Liliaceae-Helonioideae." Syst.Bot.

Momose,K.、Terauchi,R. 和 Kawano,S.：“百合科-Helonioideae 的分子系统学”。

Ohara, M., Kawano, S. and Utech, F. H.: "Differentiation patterns of reproductive systems in the genus Trillium." Plant Species Biol.5. 73-81 (1990)

Ohara, M.、Kawano, S. 和 Utech, F. H.：“延龄草属生殖系统的分化模式。”

Utech,F.H.: "Biology of Scoliopus (Liliaceae) I.Phytogeography and systematics." Ann.Mo.Bot.Gard.79. (1992)

Utech，F.H.：“Scoliopus（百合科）生物学 I.植物地理学和系统学。”

Sato, T., Utech, F. H. and Kawano, S.: "Latitudinal and longitudinal geocline of leafーshape and leafーsize of Polystichum acrostichoides from eastern United States" In preparation.

Sato, T.、Utech, F. H. 和 Kawano, S.：“来自美国东部的 Polystichum acrostichoides 的叶子形状和叶子大小的纬度和纵向地斜”正在准备中。