Population biology and molecular systematics of northern temperate elements of Arcto-Tertiary origin in North America

1. 对百合科98个分类群的rbcL基因（cpDNA）序列（1380bp）进行了分析，发现其地理分布在日本和北美西部和/或东部之间。所研究的这些分类群是北温带第三纪-第三纪元素的代表。对这些百合科分类群的分子系统发育状况及其亲缘关系进行了批判性分析。关于北美和亚洲分类群的系统地位，有几个值得注意和重要的发现。melanthials - heloniadeae被证明是非常异质的，Tofieldia和Japonolirion在单子科的根，而其他属分散在几个不同的分支上。测定了野生山药薯蓣磷酸糖异构酶（Pgi）的cDNA。同时，还分析了东野田鼠的微卫星多态性。在芸苔科植物中，对Arabis gemmifera adh基因（2.3kb）进行了测序。该种群的核苷酸替换率（61）、插入率（61）、缺失率（25）非常高。对Raphanus和Helianthus进行了含atpA基因的线粒体DNA片段的克隆和限制性定位，并采用一种新的分析方法检测了细胞质雄性不育性。这一新的方法将有助于未来分子系统发育分析和分子群体生物学。在菊科植物中，在日本和北美东部的紫菀科植物6PGDH中发现了一个独特的重复基因。根据rbcL和matK基因的测序数据，对日本和北美的绣球科和沙盆科几个不相交的类群进行了分析。基于核苷酸序列数据重建分子系统发育树，已经发展出新的方法来估计进化距离。设计了自交不亲和位点有效等位基因数、期望杂合度和遗传距离的统计方法。这些新的分析方法对今后的分子进化分析具有重要意义。少

1. Sequences of the rbcL gene (cpDNA) (1380bp) were analyzed for 98 taxa of Liliiflorae, which show disjunct geographical distributions between Japan and western and/or eastern North America. These taxa studied are representatives of northern temperate elments of Arcto-Tertiary origin. Molecular phylogenetic status of these Liliiflorae taxa and their affinities were critically analyzed. Several noteworthy and significant findings were made as to the systematic status of North American as well as Asiatic taxa. Melanthiales-Heloniadeae proved to be very heterogeneous, Tofieldia and Japonolirion being at the root of the Monocots, while other genera are scattered over several different clades.2. cDNA of phosphoglucoisomerase (Pgi) was determined for Dioscorea tokoro, a wild yam (Dioscoreaceae). Microsatellite polymorphism of D.tokoro was also analyzed.3. In Brassicaceae, adh gene (2.3kb) of Arabis gemmifera was sequenced. Outstandingly high rates of nuceotide substitutions (61), insertion … More and deletion (25) were detected from populations of this species. In Raphanus and Helianthus, cloning and restriction mapping of mitochondrial DNA fragments containing atpA gene were conducted, and cytoplasmic male sterility was examined by using a new anlaytic method. This new approach will be useful for future molecular phylogenetic analysis as well molecular population biology. In Compositae, a unique gene duplication was newly detected in 6PGDH of Aster (Asterinae) from Japan and eastern North America. Several disjunct groups of Saxifragaceaeand Hydrangeaceae between Japan and North America were also analyzed based on the sequencing data of rbcL and matK genes.4. New methods have been developed to estimate evolutionary distance for reconstructing molecular phylogenetic trees based upon nuceotide sequence data. Statistical methods were designed for estimating the effective number of alleles, expected heterozygosity and genetic distance in self-incompatibility locus. These new analytical methods are most useful for future molecular evolutionary analyzes. Less