Population biology and molecular systematics of northern temperate elements of Arcto-Tertiary origin in North America

1.对98个百合科植物的rbcL基因(CpDNA)1380bp的序列进行了分析，发现日本与北美西部和/或东部的地理分布不一致。所研究的这些分类群是起源于北极-第三纪的北方温带成分的代表。对这些百合科植物的分子系统发育状况及其亲缘关系进行了系统分析。关于北美和亚洲分类群的系统地位，有几个值得注意和重要的发现。在单子叶植物的根部分布有两个不同的属，分别是豆科和凤眼科，而其他属则分布在不同的支系中。以山药属野生山药为材料，对其磷酸葡萄糖异构酶(PGI)基因进行了测定。并对杜鹃的微卫星多态性进行了分析。在十字花科植物中，测定了其ADH基因(2.3kb)的序列。极高的核苷酸替换率(61)，插入…从该物种的种群中检测到更多和缺失(25个)。在萝卜属和向日葵属植物中，对含有ATPA基因的线粒体DNA片段进行了克隆和限制性内切酶图谱分析，并用一种新的分析方法检测了细胞质雄性不育。这一新的方法将对未来的分子系统发育分析以及分子种群生物学有用。在菊科植物中，在产自日本和北美东部的Aster(Asterinae)的6PGDH中新检测到一种独特的基因重复。基于rbcL和matK基因的测序数据，对日本和北美虎耳草科和绣球科的几个分离类群进行了分析。根据核苷酸序列数据估计进化距离的新方法已经被开发出来，用于重建分子系统发育树。统计方法用于估计自交不亲和基因座的有效等位基因数、期望杂合度和遗传距离。这些新的分析方法对未来的分子进化分析是最有用的。较少

1. Sequences of the rbcL gene (cpDNA) (1380bp) were analyzed for 98 taxa of Liliiflorae, which show disjunct geographical distributions between Japan and western and/or eastern North America. These taxa studied are representatives of northern temperate elments of Arcto-Tertiary origin. Molecular phylogenetic status of these Liliiflorae taxa and their affinities were critically analyzed. Several noteworthy and significant findings were made as to the systematic status of North American as well as Asiatic taxa. Melanthiales-Heloniadeae proved to be very heterogeneous, Tofieldia and Japonolirion being at the root of the Monocots, while other genera are scattered over several different clades.2. cDNA of phosphoglucoisomerase (Pgi) was determined for Dioscorea tokoro, a wild yam (Dioscoreaceae). Microsatellite polymorphism of D.tokoro was also analyzed.3. In Brassicaceae, adh gene (2.3kb) of Arabis gemmifera was sequenced. Outstandingly high rates of nuceotide substitutions (61), insertion … More and deletion (25) were detected from populations of this species. In Raphanus and Helianthus, cloning and restriction mapping of mitochondrial DNA fragments containing atpA gene were conducted, and cytoplasmic male sterility was examined by using a new anlaytic method. This new approach will be useful for future molecular phylogenetic analysis as well molecular population biology. In Compositae, a unique gene duplication was newly detected in 6PGDH of Aster (Asterinae) from Japan and eastern North America. Several disjunct groups of Saxifragaceaeand Hydrangeaceae between Japan and North America were also analyzed based on the sequencing data of rbcL and matK genes.4. New methods have been developed to estimate evolutionary distance for reconstructing molecular phylogenetic trees based upon nuceotide sequence data. Statistical methods were designed for estimating the effective number of alleles, expected heterozygosity and genetic distance in self-incompatibility locus. These new analytical methods are most useful for future molecular evolutionary analyzes. Less