Population biology and molecular systematics of northern temperate elements of Arcto-Tertiary origin in North America

1.对百合科98个分类群的rbcL基因（cpDNA）（1380 bp）序列进行了分析，这些分类群在日本和北美西部和/或东部之间具有间断的地理分布。这些类群代表了北极第三纪起源的北方温带成分。分析了百合亚科植物的分子系统发育地位及其亲缘关系。关于北美和亚洲分类群的系统地位，有几个值得注意和重要的发现。Melanthiales-Heloniadeae是非常异质的，Tofieldia和Japonolirion是单子叶植物的根，而其他属分散在几个不同的分支中。测定了野生山药（薯蓣科）中磷酸葡萄糖异构酶（Pgi）的cDNA序列。同时分析了长喙龙的微卫星多态性.在拟南芥科中，对芽叶南芥adh基因（2.3kb）进行了序列测定。核苷酸替换（61）、插入 关于我们 和缺失（25个）。对萝卜属（Raphanus）和向日葵属（Helianthus）的atpA基因的线粒体DNA片段进行了克隆和限制性酶切图谱分析，并采用一种新的分析方法对萝卜属和向日葵属的细胞质雄性不育性进行了鉴定。这一新的方法将有助于未来的分子系统发育分析以及分子种群生物学。在菊科植物中，首次发现日本和北美东部紫菀属（Asterinae）植物的6PGDH中存在一种独特的基因重复。根据rbcL和matK基因的测序数据，分析了虎耳草科和绣球科在日本和北美的几个分离类群.基于核苷酸序列数据的进化距离估计方法已被发展用于重建分子系统树。设计了估计自交不亲和位点有效等位基因数、期望杂合度和遗传距离的统计方法。这些新的分析方法是最有用的未来分子进化分析。少

1. Sequences of the rbcL gene (cpDNA) (1380bp) were analyzed for 98 taxa of Liliiflorae, which show disjunct geographical distributions between Japan and western and/or eastern North America. These taxa studied are representatives of northern temperate elments of Arcto-Tertiary origin. Molecular phylogenetic status of these Liliiflorae taxa and their affinities were critically analyzed. Several noteworthy and significant findings were made as to the systematic status of North American as well as Asiatic taxa. Melanthiales-Heloniadeae proved to be very heterogeneous, Tofieldia and Japonolirion being at the root of the Monocots, while other genera are scattered over several different clades.2. cDNA of phosphoglucoisomerase (Pgi) was determined for Dioscorea tokoro, a wild yam (Dioscoreaceae). Microsatellite polymorphism of D.tokoro was also analyzed.3. In Brassicaceae, adh gene (2.3kb) of Arabis gemmifera was sequenced. Outstandingly high rates of nuceotide substitutions (61), insertion … More and deletion (25) were detected from populations of this species. In Raphanus and Helianthus, cloning and restriction mapping of mitochondrial DNA fragments containing atpA gene were conducted, and cytoplasmic male sterility was examined by using a new anlaytic method. This new approach will be useful for future molecular phylogenetic analysis as well molecular population biology. In Compositae, a unique gene duplication was newly detected in 6PGDH of Aster (Asterinae) from Japan and eastern North America. Several disjunct groups of Saxifragaceaeand Hydrangeaceae between Japan and North America were also analyzed based on the sequencing data of rbcL and matK genes.4. New methods have been developed to estimate evolutionary distance for reconstructing molecular phylogenetic trees based upon nuceotide sequence data. Statistical methods were designed for estimating the effective number of alleles, expected heterozygosity and genetic distance in self-incompatibility locus. These new analytical methods are most useful for future molecular evolutionary analyzes. Less