Formation of Psychological Base in Group Day-Nursery

本研究旨在：（1）调查目前三岁以下新生儿保育制度，并分析保育人员对依恋理论的看法（父母与婴儿的关系）以及日托所的社会作用，2）研究三个一岁婴儿对他们的一天的适应过程-分别对采取不同方式和制度的托儿所进行新生儿护理的调查，结果如下：从第一年的调查结果来看，（1）从是否确定负责照顾者两个因素来看，新生儿的照顾有12种不同的制度，是否确定了照顾者的角色; 2）对新生儿的照顾计划比我们想象的要多（88.3%的托儿所采取了糟糕的计划），3)在亲子关系观方面，日本看护者的“满足婴儿与父母沟通的需要理论”，而不是流行的鲍尔比依恋理论; 4）对日托所的社会角色有建设性的思考。（1）新生儿对不同照顾计划的日托机构的适应过程不同。解决相同的照顾者和她的角色，以新的婴儿的计划被认为是比其他更好。2)由此可见，幼儿“心理基础”的形成过程，可以看作是幼儿在其头脑中逐渐形成托儿所的人/物结构的过程。

This project aimed at 1)surveying the current nursery system of taking cares of new infants under three years of age, and analyzing care-takers' views about the attachment theories (parent-infants relationship) and about the social roles of the day-nursery, and 2)studying the adaptive processes of three one-year-old infants to their day-nurseries which took different ways and systems of taking cares of new infants respectively.Results were as follows;From the first-year servey, 1)twelve different systems were found about the taking cares of new infants, considering the two factors of whether or not settling the care-takers in charge, and whether or not settling the roles of care-takers, 2)plans about how to taking cares of new infants were rather taken than we thought (88.3 % of nurseries took suck kinds of plans.), 3)about the views of parent-infant relationship, current Japanese care-takers seemed to have "the theory of satisfying the needs of infants to communicate with their parents", rather than having the prevailed bowlby's theory of attachment, 4)they had constructive ways of thinking about the social roles of the day-nursery.From the second-year observation about the adaptive precesses of new infants to their daynurseries, 1)different adaptive processes of new infants were found to their day-nurseries which had different plans of taking cares of them. Plans of settling same care-taker and her roles to the new infant were thought better than others. 2)From above-mentioned, the process of infants' formation of "psychological bases" might be thought as the one of their making the framework gradually about the person/object scheme of the day-nursery within their minds.