Parallel and convergent neuronal connections and neuroactive substances

1.用抗磷酸激活的谷氨酰胺酶(PAG)的单抗，用免疫组织化学方法观察了谷氨酸能神经元在大脑皮层、丘脑、下脑干和小脑的分布。在新皮质和中皮质的V、VI层锥体细胞和AMON‘s角的锥体细胞中可见深染的神经元胞体，主要小脑前核内的神经元向小脑发出苔藓纤维。用抗谷氨酰胺酶抗体和抗TH、DBH、PNMT或5-羟色胺的抗血清相结合的双重染色方法，在许多单胺能神经元上也显示PAg。5-羟色胺(5-羟色胺)、脑啡肽(ENK)和P物质(SP)样免疫反应(LI)纤维在Onuf核的单个阴部运动神经元上用HRP逆行标记神经元，然后用免疫组织化学Lab…法显示使用不同的发色原，在相同的截面上使用更多的5HT、ENK和SP纤维。对延髓背角、三叉神经中脑核和腰髓也进行了类似的研究。在大鼠额叶皮质注射WGA-HRP逆行标记的丘脑VL神经元内，可见CCK-和/或血管活性肠多肽-LI阳性神经元。在丘脑皮质VL神经元中，VIP和CCK阳性神经元分别占70-80%和50-60%。几乎所有含有CCK-LI的丘脑皮质VL神经元均呈VIP-LI阳性。在猫的小脑中，有许多含有降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP-LI)的纤维从桥脑核发出：当病变放置在桥脑桥臂时，在病变同侧后叶小脑半球的苔藓纤维终末减少。齿状核内含有CGRP-LI的细小精索静脉曲张纤维在损伤同侧也减少。用WGA-HRP示踪和P物质免疫组织化学相结合的方法，发现猫下丘脑乳突上核内有许多SP-LU神经元向海马结构发出轴突：在下丘脑乳突上区放置电热损毁后，双侧海马结构和鼻皮质内的SP-LU轴突明显增多。较少

1. Distribution of putative glutamatergic neurons in the cerbral cortex, thalamus, lower brainstem and cerebellum of the rat was examined immunohistochemically by using a monoclonal antibody against phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG), which has been proposed to be a major synthetic enzyme of transmitter glutamate. Intensely-stained ueuronal cell bodies were seen in the pyramidal cells in layers V and VI in the neocortex and mesocortex, and pyramidal cells in Ammon's horn, neurons in the main precerebellar nuclei sending mossy-fibers to the cerebellum. PAG was also shown in many monoaminergic neurons by a double-staining method using the anti-glutaminase antibody combined with an antiserum against TH, DBH,PNMT or serotonin.2. Convergence of serotonin (5HT)-, enkephalin (ENK)- and substance P (SP)-like immuno reactive (LI) fibers on single pudendal motoneurons of Onuf's nucleus was shown by retrogradely labeling neurons in Onuf's nucleus with HRP, and then by immunohistochemically lab … More eling 5HT-, ENK- and SP-fibers in the same sections using distinct chromogen. Similar studies were also done on the medullary dorsal horn, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, and lumbar spinal cord.3. Cholecystokinin (CCK)- and/or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-LI was shown in many ceurons in the thalmic VL neurons which were retrogradely labeled with WGA-HRP injected into the frontal cortex of the rat. VIP- or CCK-LI was observed in 70-80% or 50-60% of thalamocortical VL neurons, respectively. Almost all of thalamocortical VL neurons with CCK-LI exhibited VIP-LI.4. Many fibers with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-LI in the cerebellum of the cat were demonstrated to arise from the pontine nuclei: when a lesion was placed in the pontine prachium, mossy fiber endings with CGRP-LI were reduced in number in the cerebellar hemis phere of the posterior lobe ipsilateral to the lesion. Fine varicose fibers with CGRP-LI within the dentate nucleus were also decreased in number ipsilateral to the lesion.5. A combined method of the tracing of WGA-HRP and the immunohistochemistry of substance P revealed that many SP-LU neurons in the supramammillary nucleus of cat hypothalamus sent their axons to the hippocampal formation: SP-LI axons in the hippocampal formation abd ento rhinal cortex were markedly resuced in number ipilaterally after placing an electrothermic lesion in the supramammillary region of the hypothalamus. Less