Parallel and convergent neuronal connections and neuroactive substances

1.用磷酸活化谷氨酸胺酶（PAG）单克隆抗体，对大鼠大脑皮质、丘脑、脑干下部和小脑内谷氨酸能神经元的分布进行了免疫组织化学研究。在新皮质和中皮质的第V层和第VI层的锥体细胞、阿蒙角的锥体细胞、小脑前主要核团中向小脑发送苔藓纤维的神经元中，可见染色较强的神经元胞体。用抗β-内酰胺酶抗体和抗TH、DBH、PNMT或β-内酰胺酶的抗血清进行双染，结果表明PAG在许多单胺能神经元中也有表达.用HRP逆行标记大鼠阴部Onuf核内单个运动神经元，并用免疫组化方法观察了5-羟色胺（5-HT）、脑啡肽（ENK）和P物质（SP）样免疫反应（LI）纤维在Onuf核内的会聚。 ...更多信息 用不同的色原在同一切片中分离5 HT-、ENK-和SP-纤维。对延髓背角、三叉神经中脑核和腰髓也进行了类似的研究。用WGA-HRP逆行标记大鼠额叶皮质丘脑VL神经元，在许多神经元内可见到胆囊收缩素（CCK）和/或血管活性肠肽（VIP）阳性反应。VIP和CCK-LI分别见于70-80%和50-60%的丘脑皮质VL神经元。几乎所有CCK阳性的丘脑皮质VL神经元均呈VIP阳性。许多纤维与降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）-LI在猫的小脑被证明是从脑桥核：当一个病变被放置在脑桥的pachium，苔藓纤维末梢与CGRP-LI减少在同侧的后叶小脑半球的病变。同侧齿状核内CGRP-LI阳性的曲张细纤维也减少.应用WGA-HRP示踪和SP免疫组化相结合的方法，发现猫下丘脑乳头体上核内有大量SP-LU神经元向海马结构发出轴突：电毁损下丘脑乳头体上核后，同侧海马结构和鼻内皮质内SP-LU神经元数目明显减少。少

1. Distribution of putative glutamatergic neurons in the cerbral cortex, thalamus, lower brainstem and cerebellum of the rat was examined immunohistochemically by using a monoclonal antibody against phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG), which has been proposed to be a major synthetic enzyme of transmitter glutamate. Intensely-stained ueuronal cell bodies were seen in the pyramidal cells in layers V and VI in the neocortex and mesocortex, and pyramidal cells in Ammon's horn, neurons in the main precerebellar nuclei sending mossy-fibers to the cerebellum. PAG was also shown in many monoaminergic neurons by a double-staining method using the anti-glutaminase antibody combined with an antiserum against TH, DBH,PNMT or serotonin.2. Convergence of serotonin (5HT)-, enkephalin (ENK)- and substance P (SP)-like immuno reactive (LI) fibers on single pudendal motoneurons of Onuf's nucleus was shown by retrogradely labeling neurons in Onuf's nucleus with HRP, and then by immunohistochemically lab … More eling 5HT-, ENK- and SP-fibers in the same sections using distinct chromogen. Similar studies were also done on the medullary dorsal horn, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, and lumbar spinal cord.3. Cholecystokinin (CCK)- and/or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-LI was shown in many ceurons in the thalmic VL neurons which were retrogradely labeled with WGA-HRP injected into the frontal cortex of the rat. VIP- or CCK-LI was observed in 70-80% or 50-60% of thalamocortical VL neurons, respectively. Almost all of thalamocortical VL neurons with CCK-LI exhibited VIP-LI.4. Many fibers with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-LI in the cerebellum of the cat were demonstrated to arise from the pontine nuclei: when a lesion was placed in the pontine prachium, mossy fiber endings with CGRP-LI were reduced in number in the cerebellar hemis phere of the posterior lobe ipsilateral to the lesion. Fine varicose fibers with CGRP-LI within the dentate nucleus were also decreased in number ipsilateral to the lesion.5. A combined method of the tracing of WGA-HRP and the immunohistochemistry of substance P revealed that many SP-LU neurons in the supramammillary nucleus of cat hypothalamus sent their axons to the hippocampal formation: SP-LI axons in the hippocampal formation abd ento rhinal cortex were markedly resuced in number ipilaterally after placing an electrothermic lesion in the supramammillary region of the hypothalamus. Less