Parallel and convergent neuronal connections and neuroactive substances

1. 利用抗磷酸活化谷氨酰胺酶（PAG）单克隆抗体，免疫组织化学方法检测了大鼠大脑皮层、丘脑、下脑干和小脑中谷氨酸能神经元的分布。新皮层和中皮层第5层和第6层锥体细胞、阿蒙角锥体细胞、向小脑发送苔藓纤维的主要小脑前核神经元等可见染色强烈的神经元细胞体。用抗谷氨酰胺酶抗体联合抗TH、DBH、PNMT或5 -羟色胺的抗血清双染色法，在许多单胺能神经元中也发现了PAG。通过HRP逆行标记Onuf细胞核内的神经元，再通过免疫组织化学实验，发现5 -羟色胺(5HT)-、脑啡肽(ENK)-和P物质（SP）样免疫反应（LI）纤维在Onuf细胞核内单个阴部运动神经元上的收敛，并使用不同的显色剂在同一部分检测5HT-、ENK-和SP-纤维。对髓背角、中脑三叉神经核和腰椎也进行了类似的研究。将WGA-HRP逆行标记后注入大鼠额叶皮层，在丘脑VL神经元的许多神经元中显示胆囊收缩素(CCK)-和/或血管活性肠多肽(VIP)- li。VIP-或CCK-LI分别在70-80%和50-60%的丘脑皮质VL神经元中观察到。CCK-LI的丘脑皮层VL神经元几乎全部表现为vip - li。猫小脑中许多含有降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)-LI的纤维起源于桥脑核：当病变位于桥脑praachium时，病变同侧小脑半球中含有CGRP-LI的苔藓状纤维末端数量减少。齿状核内含有CGRP-LI的细静脉曲张纤维在病变同侧也减少。用WGA-HRP示踪和P物质免疫组化相结合的方法发现，猫下丘脑乳上核内的SP-LU神经元轴突向海马区分布，海马区和鼻皮质内的SP-LI轴突在下丘脑乳上区放置电热损伤后，其数量明显减少。少

1. Distribution of putative glutamatergic neurons in the cerbral cortex, thalamus, lower brainstem and cerebellum of the rat was examined immunohistochemically by using a monoclonal antibody against phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG), which has been proposed to be a major synthetic enzyme of transmitter glutamate. Intensely-stained ueuronal cell bodies were seen in the pyramidal cells in layers V and VI in the neocortex and mesocortex, and pyramidal cells in Ammon's horn, neurons in the main precerebellar nuclei sending mossy-fibers to the cerebellum. PAG was also shown in many monoaminergic neurons by a double-staining method using the anti-glutaminase antibody combined with an antiserum against TH, DBH,PNMT or serotonin.2. Convergence of serotonin (5HT)-, enkephalin (ENK)- and substance P (SP)-like immuno reactive (LI) fibers on single pudendal motoneurons of Onuf's nucleus was shown by retrogradely labeling neurons in Onuf's nucleus with HRP, and then by immunohistochemically lab … More eling 5HT-, ENK- and SP-fibers in the same sections using distinct chromogen. Similar studies were also done on the medullary dorsal horn, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, and lumbar spinal cord.3. Cholecystokinin (CCK)- and/or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-LI was shown in many ceurons in the thalmic VL neurons which were retrogradely labeled with WGA-HRP injected into the frontal cortex of the rat. VIP- or CCK-LI was observed in 70-80% or 50-60% of thalamocortical VL neurons, respectively. Almost all of thalamocortical VL neurons with CCK-LI exhibited VIP-LI.4. Many fibers with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-LI in the cerebellum of the cat were demonstrated to arise from the pontine nuclei: when a lesion was placed in the pontine prachium, mossy fiber endings with CGRP-LI were reduced in number in the cerebellar hemis phere of the posterior lobe ipsilateral to the lesion. Fine varicose fibers with CGRP-LI within the dentate nucleus were also decreased in number ipsilateral to the lesion.5. A combined method of the tracing of WGA-HRP and the immunohistochemistry of substance P revealed that many SP-LU neurons in the supramammillary nucleus of cat hypothalamus sent their axons to the hippocampal formation: SP-LI axons in the hippocampal formation abd ento rhinal cortex were markedly resuced in number ipilaterally after placing an electrothermic lesion in the supramammillary region of the hypothalamus. Less