Migration, Memory, and Musical Expression. Musical Traditions from Central Eastern Anatolia in Turkey, Berlin, and Paris

研究项目“迁移，记忆和音乐表达”的重点是在安纳托利亚中东部的音乐传统及其在过去几十年中的变化。然而，除了这一具体目标之外，它还打算作为对安纳托利亚音乐的开创性研究：一方面，它旨在质疑民族类别与音乐的相关性。另一方面，该项目首次将历史民族音乐学的方法应用于安纳托利亚的民间音乐。通过处理安纳托利亚中东部在过去100年的历史，它将进一步调查暴力的经验对音乐传统的影响。 作为第一步，将由男性和女性音乐家对该地区本身和海外移民的音乐传统进行概述。这项研究的五个主要重点地区包括：1）锡瓦斯-科奇吉里; 2）马拉蒂亚-阿圭万; 3）通杰利; 4）北方宾格尔; 5）穆尔西亚-瓦尔托、埃尔祖鲁姆-赫内斯。 研究的第二个焦点在于民族和宗教类别与音乐传统的相关程度。身份话语与他们的历史发展，在过去几十年中将被调查，并作为其中的一部分，在当地叛乱期间的暴力历史经验的后果（Koçgiri 1921，Dersim Said 1925，Dersim 1937，Dersim-Bingöl 1994）。这些经验对音乐生活的影响是否可以证明，例如，哀歌的重要性日益增加或宗教音乐的变化？ 最终，该地区的城市化，放弃村庄和移民到土耳其或欧洲城市，对音乐传统的影响将被调查，重点是伊斯坦布尔，柏林和巴黎的移民：不断变化的表演实践，音乐表演的环境，媒体化的影响，不断变化的音乐教育。在整个项目中，重点将放在妇女不断变化的社会角色及其对女音乐家的影响上。城市化、向土耳其和欧洲城市的移民以及新的政治话语在多大程度上为妇女提供了学习和表演音乐的新机会？ 本研究的主要方法是多点田野调查和半结构式访谈，由两位研究者，一位男性民族音乐学家和一位女性人类学家共同进行。当民族音乐学家主要是寻找有关音乐和音乐生活的信息时，人类学家将分析音乐家在社会和身份话语中的地位。音乐传统的历史变化的描述将主要基于对最近和历史记录的分析。 总的来说，该项目旨在为超越种族和宗教类别的安纳托利亚音乐的历史理解开辟一条道路。只有通过这种基于音乐分析而不是民族主义的历史研究方法，才有可能在未来最终开辟一条道路，将安纳托利亚民间音乐的叙述与奥斯曼-土耳其艺术音乐史的叙述联系起来。

The research project "Migration, Memory and Musical Expression" focuses on music traditions in central eastern Anatolia and their changes during the past decades. Beyond this concrete aim, however, it is intended as a pioneering study on music in Anatolia in general: On the one hand, it aims to question the relevance of ethnic categories for music. On the other hand, the project for the first time applies methods of Historical Ethnomusicology on folk music in Anatolia. By dealing with the history of central eastern Anatolia over the past 100 years, it will further investigate the impact of experiences of violence on music traditions. As a first step an overview on music traditions will be achieved, both in the region itself and among migrants abroad, both by male and female musicians. Five main focus regions of this research include: 1) Sivas-Koçgiri; 2) Malatya-Arguvan; 3) Tunceli; 4) northern Bingöl; 5) Muş-Varto, Erzurum-Hınıs. A second focus of the research lies on the question, to what extent ethnic and religious categories correlate with musical traditions. Identity discourses with their historical development over the past decades will be investigated and, as part of them, consequences of historical experiences of violence during local rebellions (Koçgiri 1921, Şey Said 1925, Dersim 1937, Dersim-Bingöl 1994). Can any effect of these experiences on music life be proved, e.g. a growing importance of laments or changes of religious music? Eventually, effects of urbanisation in the region, abandonment of villages and migration to Turkish or European cities, on musical traditions will be investigated, with a focus on migrants in Istanbul, Berlin, and Paris: changing performance practice, circumstances for musical performances, effects of medialisation, changing musical education. Throughout the project, a focus will be laid on the changing social roles of women and their effects on female musicians. To what extend did the urbanisation, the migration to Turkish and European cities, and new political discourses offered women new opportunities to learn and perform music? Main method for this project is multi-sited fieldwork and semi-structured interviews, to be conducted by two researchers together, a male ethnomusicologist and a female anthropologist. While the ethnomusicologist is primarily searching for information concerning music and music life, the anthropologist will analyse the position of the musicians within social and identity discourses. The description of historical changes of musical traditions will be based mainly on the analysis of recent and historical recordings. In general, the project intends to open a way for a historical understanding of Anatolian music beyond ethnic and religious categories. Only with this historical approach based on musical analysis rather than on nationalism might in future eventually open a way to connect the narratives of Anatolian folk music with that of Ottoman-Turkish art music history.