A Basic Study on the Curriculum of the Physical Education in Elementary School : The Developmental Changes on the Situational Judgment in Ball Games with Age and Optimum Time for Learning the Situational Judgment in Ball Games.

本研究旨在探讨球类情境判断能力随年龄的发展变化及球类情境判断能力的最佳学习时机，观察二、四、六年级儿童球类情境判断能力的学年差异，从比赛的角度来看，每次比赛的持球时间和线路-端口-球比赛中的拦截次数对大量光信号仔细反应的选择反应时，2 ~ 4年级儿童比4 ~ 6年级儿童明显缩短。然而，在这方面，结果表明，低年级儿童对篮球、足球等攻防混杂型球类运动的学习准备不足。（投篮数/得球数 *100）从三年级的45%增加到六年级的65%，篮球课12节课后，学生的平均成绩由25%提高到55%。而在比赛中更紧密的配合，如传球投篮，这是双方比赛的核心技术，在高年级学生中更明显。本研究结果显示，高年级儿童的情境判断能力较中年级儿童有显著的提高，说明中年级儿童在球类运动中学习情境判断能力是可能的，而学习情境判断能力的最佳时间是在高年级的攻防混杂球类运动中。

The purpose of this study were to clarify the developmental changes on the situational judgment in ball games with age and the optimum time for learning the situational judgment in ball games.The school year difference of the situational judgment sbilities were observed between 2nd, 4th and sixth grade children, from a game aspect as a ball-holding time of each play and a number of intercept in the line-port-ball-game (transitional-melee type).The shortening of the selected reaction time, which was responded to a lot of light signal carefully, were occured remarkably from 2nd to 4th than from 4th to sixth graders. However, numbers of miss seeing the light signal for elementary children were many than that of adults.These results suggested that the low-graders do not have a readiness for learning the offense-defense-jumbled type ball game such as basketball and soccer.Rate of completion in attack (numbers of shoot/number of ball gain*100) of the line-port-ball-game increased from about 45% for third graders to 65% for sixth graders, and it for basketball from 25% to 55% after 12 lessons, respectively. And a closer cooperation in the play, such as pass to shoot, which was a core skill of the both game, was more discernible among high-graders. This shows that the situational judgment ability has improved greatly in the high-graders than in the middle-graders.The present results suggested that the learning the situational judgment in ball games thus appears possible on the part of middle-grade, and the best time for learning are in the high-grade elementary school children using the offense-defense-jumbled type ball games.