A Basic Study on the Curriculum of the Physical Education in Elementary School : The Developmental Changes on the Situational Judgment in Ball Games with Age and Optimum Time for Learning the Situational Judgment in Ball Games.

本研究旨在探讨球类运动情境判断随年龄的发展变化及球类运动情境判断的最佳学习时间。二、四、六年级儿童情境判断能力的年级差异主要表现在每次游戏的持球时间和直线-port-ball游戏（过渡-近战型）中的拦截次数。二至四年级学生对大量光信号的选择反应时间的缩短比四至六年级学生明显。但是，小学生错过信号灯的人数比成年人多。这些结果表明，低年级学生对篮球、足球等攻防混杂型球类运动的学习准备程度不高。12节课后，三年级对端球运动的进攻完成率（投篮次数/得球次数*100）从45%左右提高到六年级的65%，篮球从25%提高到55%。在比赛中更紧密的配合，如传球投篮，这是两个游戏的核心技能，在高年级学生中更加明显。结果表明，高年级学生的情境判断能力比初中生有较大的提高。结果表明，中年级儿童有可能学习球类运动中的情境判断，而高年级小学生学习球类运动中的情境判断的最佳时间是在进攻-防守-混杂型球类运动中。

The purpose of this study were to clarify the developmental changes on the situational judgment in ball games with age and the optimum time for learning the situational judgment in ball games.The school year difference of the situational judgment sbilities were observed between 2nd, 4th and sixth grade children, from a game aspect as a ball-holding time of each play and a number of intercept in the line-port-ball-game (transitional-melee type).The shortening of the selected reaction time, which was responded to a lot of light signal carefully, were occured remarkably from 2nd to 4th than from 4th to sixth graders. However, numbers of miss seeing the light signal for elementary children were many than that of adults.These results suggested that the low-graders do not have a readiness for learning the offense-defense-jumbled type ball game such as basketball and soccer.Rate of completion in attack (numbers of shoot/number of ball gain*100) of the line-port-ball-game increased from about 45% for third graders to 65% for sixth graders, and it for basketball from 25% to 55% after 12 lessons, respectively. And a closer cooperation in the play, such as pass to shoot, which was a core skill of the both game, was more discernible among high-graders. This shows that the situational judgment ability has improved greatly in the high-graders than in the middle-graders.The present results suggested that the learning the situational judgment in ball games thus appears possible on the part of middle-grade, and the best time for learning are in the high-grade elementary school children using the offense-defense-jumbled type ball games.