Study of the auction system for public constructions

这项研究的目的是，回顾在许多公共建筑拍卖中串通(或DANO)以及国会议员和/或地方知事干预拍卖/确定中标者受到极大关注的事实，并提出重新考虑日本公共行政制度的一个大问题，分析这些串通的原因，并考虑替代拍卖管理制度，以确保公共建筑拍卖的更高效率。特别是，我从基本和理论的角度寻找了更有效的拍卖制度，首先指出Dango在公共建筑拍卖中非常常见，无论其在金额上还是在安排经济基础设施方面的重要性；其次，似乎很少考虑到日本公共建筑拍卖中的特点来分析拍卖制度。虽然研究持续了两个财年，但第一年的研究综述了这个问题的历史，明确了日本Dango问题的主要特征，第二年的研究在上述研究的基础上，注意到一个核心原因在于建设性企业之间的高度合作，并分析了以下几个方面：首先，我综述了以前的拍卖文献是如何分析串通-Dango问题的。其次，回顾了日本Dango特有的特征，分析了哪种拍卖制度及其周围条件对于更有效的拍卖结果是有效的，发现任何拍卖中的信息披露和政府对扩大竞标者的成本分担将是提高潜在竞标者竞争力的最有效方式。

This study intended, reviewing the fact that collusion (or dango) in many of the auctions for public construction and intervention by Diet-men and/or local governors into the auction/determination of the successful bidders had received a great attention and posed a big problem of reconsidering the system of public administration in Japan, to analyze causes of those collusions and also to consider alternative auction-administration system to secure a more efficiency in the auctions for public constructions. Especially, I searched more efficient auction systems from basic and theoretical point of view, noting first that dango is said to be very common in the auctions for public constructions irrespective of their importance in terms of both money amounts and significance in arranging infrastructure for the economy, and second that there seems to be little analyzes of the auction system taking account of the features in the public-construction auctions in Japan.While the study lasted two fiscal years, the first year study surveyed the history of the problem, made clear the main features in Japanese dango problems, and arranged the preceding analyzes to clarify the possibilities of theoretical studies reviewing the features of dango prblems in Japan.The second year study, based on the above, paid an attention to the fact that a central cause lies in high cooperativeness among constructive businesses, and analyzed the following : First, I surveyed how the collusion-dango problems are analyzed in the preceding auction literature. Second, reviewing the feature specific to the Japanese dango, I analyzed what kind of auction system and its surrounding conditions are effective for more efficient auction result, finding that disclosure of information in any auction and cost-sharing by the government to enlarge bidders will be most effective by increasing competitiveness among possible bidders.