Indigenous Distribution and Management of Marine Resources

海洋资源的本土分布和管理

• 批准号: 15251012
• 负责人: KISHIGAMI Nobuhiro
• 金额: $ 28.45万
• 依托单位: National Museum of Ethnology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15251012/
• 关键词: Indigenous People; Marine Resources; Distribution; Management; Use; Circum-Pacific Region; Fishery Products; 環太平洋; 極北地域

From 2003 to 2006, we carried out a program of field research focused on indigenous distribution and management of marine resources in the Circum-Pacific and Arctic regions. Our research results can be summarized in the following three points. (1) Generally, a great commercial demand for a given marine resource tends to lead to its over-harvesting. In particular, specialized marine products such as trepang, shark-fin, etc are possibly depleted by local harvesters under the following conditions: (a) international market demand for the resource, (b) development of information and transportation means connected to it, (c) participations of brokers or intermediary distributors with a keen eye for market trends, (d) the absence of legal harvest regulations, (e) efficient harvesting technologies, and/or (f) low-value or under-utilization of the resource in a given local society. (2) The consuming and sharing of locally produced "real food" such as salmon, beluga whale, caribou, etc. is socio-culturally important for indigenous people because these practices contribute to reproducing social identity and relationships in the community. Still, a great demand for a locally important marine resource may result in resource depletion due to increased population pressure, development of efficient harvesting and transportation means, and/or change in a world view such as loss of fear of or respect for traditional belief in animal souls. Thus, indigenous use of a resource does not always assure its sustainable use. (3)To establish an effective management system of marine resources, we should devise a management system for sustainable resource use in such a way that economic stability of its local producers is assured. Also, the distribution system of a given resource should be taken into account in the system construction.

2003年至2006年，我们开展了一项以环太平洋和北极地区海洋资源的本土分布和管理为重点的实地研究项目。我们的研究结果可以总结为以下三点。一般来说，对某一海洋资源的巨大商业需求往往会导致过度捕捞。特别是海参、鱼翅等特殊海产品，在下列情况下，可能会被本地的采集者消耗殆尽：(a)国际市场对该资源的需求，(b)与之相关的信息和运输手段的发展，(c)对市场趋势有敏锐眼光的经纪人或中间分销商的参与，(d)缺乏合法的采收规定，(e)有效的采收技术，和/或(f)当地社会对该资源的价值低或利用不足。(2)消费和分享当地生产的“真正的食物”，如鲑鱼、白鲸、驯鹿等，对土著人民具有重要的社会文化意义，因为这些做法有助于在社区中再现社会身份和关系。然而，对当地重要海洋资源的巨大需求可能会由于人口压力增加、高效捕捞和运输手段的发展和/或世界观的改变（例如对动物灵魂的传统信仰的恐惧或尊重的丧失）而导致资源枯竭。因此，当地对资源的利用并不总是保证其可持续利用。(3)为建立有效的海洋资源管理制度，应设计资源可持续利用的管理制度，以保证当地生产者的经济稳定。此外，在系统建设中还应考虑到给定资源的分配制度。

项目成果

Indigenous Trade and Social Change of the Siberian Yupik Eskimos in the Bering Strait Region during the 18-20^<th> Centuries

18-20世纪白令海峡地区西伯利亚尤皮克爱斯基摩人的土著贸易和社会变迁

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: 人文論究 第76号
• 作者: Kishigami;Nobuhiro
• 通讯作者: Nobuhiro

Indigenous Trade and Social Change of the Siberian Yupik Eskimos in the Bering Strait Region during the 18-20th Centuries

18-20世纪白令海峡地区西伯利亚尤皮克爱斯基摩人的土著贸易与社会变迁

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: 人文論究 第76号
• 作者: Kishigami;Nobuhiro
• 通讯作者: Nobuhiro

Co-management of Costal Resources in Fiji (Part 1) : FLMMA and Coastal Fisheries Management.

斐济沿海资源共同管理（第 1 部分）：FLMMA 和沿海渔业管理。

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Journal of Regional Fisheries 46(1)
• 作者: Kakuma;Shinichiro
• 通讯作者: Shinichiro

東南アジアにおけるサンゴ礁魚類の養殖,シアン化合物漁と活魚流通-香港での活魚流通とフィリピンでの簡易生簀養殖を例として-

东南亚珊瑚礁鱼养殖、氰化物捕捞及活鱼分布 - 香港活鱼分布及菲律宾简易网箱养殖实例 -

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 地域研究(沖縄大学地域研究所) 第2号
• 作者: Kristina Toderich;Tsuneo Tsukatani;鹿熊 信一郎
• 通讯作者: 鹿熊 信一郎

極北(世界の食文化20)

远北（世界饮食文化20）

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: SHIMOKAWA;K.;岸上伸啓編著
• 通讯作者: 岸上伸啓編著