Indigenous Use and Management of Marine Resources

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During this three-year project, we carried out comparative field research on the use and management of marine resources in the Arctic and Pacific regions. The primary conclusions as follows : (1) In the Canadian Arctic and Russian Far East, marine resources for subsistence use are rarely depleted as long as the population pressure of the native peoples does not exceed the carrying capacity of each region and commercial harvesting does not conflict with the subsistence use of the resources. Co-Management (CM) and/or Community-Based Resource Management (CBRM) strategies are employed by both the federal/ provincial governments and local resource users through use of both Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and Scientific Ecological Knowledge (SEK). (2) In the case of several marine resources such as salmon in Canada and Russia and sea cucumbers and groupers in Indonesia and the Philippines, once those resources are harvested by local native people for purely commercial purposes (i.e. p … More rofit) they tend to be over-harvested, and as a result depleted. We need to take into account commercial distribution systems and the demand for the resources in international markets in order to develop management systems for commercial harvesting. (3) Management of 'marine resources consists of three components : maintaining resource i) quantity, ii) equitable use, and iii) quality (i.e. free of contaminants). (4) Regarding the management of marine resources for subsistence use by native people, the Co-Management or the Community-Based Resource Management may be the most effective methods. However, we need to develop Eco-Management regime among the states concerned or Integrated Coastal Resource Management regime in large multinational regions to manage those marine resources with high monetary values as commodities in international markets. (5) Whatever management systems are eventually established, the most important consideration is that they should be developed such that local users of the resources can willingly and positively participate as managing partners. Less