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Symbiosis and diversity in the biosystem of Madagascar

马达加斯加生物系统的共生与多样性

基本信息

批准号：
15255007
负责人：
HASEGAWA Masami
金额：
$ 25.29万
依托单位：
Institute of Statistical Mathematics
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Madagascar has been an isolated island for a long geological time, and has developed a unique fauna with a high level of combined species richness and endemism. Molecular phylogenetic studies were carried out in order to clarify the origins and evolution of several endemic groups of Madagascar ; (1)phylogenetic relationships among Malagasy prosimians (lemurs) including Lemuridae, Cheirogaleidae, Indridae, and Daubentoniidae relative to other prosimians in Africa and Asia, (2)phylogenetic relationships among Tenrecidae including Tenrecinae, Geogalinae, Oryzorictinae (Microgale, Oryzorictes, and Limnogale), and their African relatives such as Potamogale and Micropotamogale, (3)phylogenetic position of the Malagasy endemic frogs, the family Mantellidae, relative to Rhacophoridae (tree frogs) and other frogs, and (4)phylogenetic relationships among endemic Malagasy baobab (Adansonia) species relative to other Adansonia species in Africa and Australia. The origins of these groups of Malagas … More y organisms were attributed either to vicariance due to continental drift or trans-oceanic migration.Flower visitors of various flowering plants at six vegetation types of forests in Madagascar were surveyed. The Madagascar honeybee was most dominant all over the Madagascar. Birds, moths and beatles were also recorded as pollinators on various plant species. Pollination by long-tongued tipulid midges was characteristically observed on various plants. Obligate pollination mutualism with gracillariid moths was suggested in Phyllanthus plants. This is the first record of obligate pollination mutualism in Phyllanthaceae from Madagascar.To accumulate scientific information about the interrelationship between nature and human in Madagascar, floristic survey of seaweeds and mangrove algae was carried out. Endosymbiosis of cryptomonads was investigated to elucidate the genetical and cytological mechanisms how transfer, unify, re-arrange and disappear the genes derived from symbiont after cell fusion between the host and symbiont. An ecological anthropology study was conducted among the Tanalana for elucidating their survival strategies in the arid land of southwest Madagascar. Less

马达加斯加在漫长的地质时期内一直是一个孤立的岛屿，并发展了一种独特的动物群，其物种丰富度和地方性都很高。进行了分子系统发育研究，以澄清马达加斯加几个地方性类群的起源和演化；(1)马达加斯加的原猴亚目的之间的系统发育关系(狐猴)包括狐猴科,Cheirogaleidae, Indridae,并指猴科在非洲和亚洲,相对于其他原猴亚目的(2)无尾猬科间系统发育关系包括Tenrecinae Geogalinae, Oryzorictinae (Microgale, Oryzorictes Limnogale),和非洲的亲戚如Potamogale Micropotamogale,(3)的系统发育地位马达加斯加特有的青蛙,家庭Mantellidae,(4)非洲和澳大利亚特有的马达加斯加猴面包树（Adansonia）与其他Adansonia物种的系统发育关系。更多的生物被认为是由于大陆漂移或跨洋迁徙而产生的变异。对马达加斯加6种植被类型森林中各种开花植物的访花者进行了调查。马达加斯加蜜蜂在整个马达加斯加是最占优势的。鸟类、飞蛾和甲壳虫也被记录为各种植物的传粉者。在各种植物上观察到长舌蠓传粉的特征。在余叶属植物中存在与纤毛虫蛾的专性传粉互助关系。这是马达加斯加叶子科植物中首次记录的专性传粉互助关系。为了积累有关马达加斯加自然与人类关系的科学信息，对马达加斯加的海藻和红树林藻类进行了区系调查。通过对隐单胞菌内共生的研究，揭示了寄主与共生体细胞融合后源自共生体的基因如何在寄主与共生体之间转移、统一、重排和消失的遗传学和细胞学机制。一项生态人类学研究在Tanalana人中进行，以阐明他们在马达加斯加西南部干旱地区的生存策略。少