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Symbiosis and diversity in the biosystem of Madagascar

马达加斯加生物系统的共生与多样性

基本信息

批准号：
15255007
负责人：
HASEGAWA Masami
金额：
$ 25.29万
依托单位：
Institute of Statistical Mathematics
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Madagascar has been an isolated island for a long geological time, and has developed a unique fauna with a high level of combined species richness and endemism. Molecular phylogenetic studies were carried out in order to clarify the origins and evolution of several endemic groups of Madagascar ; (1)phylogenetic relationships among Malagasy prosimians (lemurs) including Lemuridae, Cheirogaleidae, Indridae, and Daubentoniidae relative to other prosimians in Africa and Asia, (2)phylogenetic relationships among Tenrecidae including Tenrecinae, Geogalinae, Oryzorictinae (Microgale, Oryzorictes, and Limnogale), and their African relatives such as Potamogale and Micropotamogale, (3)phylogenetic position of the Malagasy endemic frogs, the family Mantellidae, relative to Rhacophoridae (tree frogs) and other frogs, and (4)phylogenetic relationships among endemic Malagasy baobab (Adansonia) species relative to other Adansonia species in Africa and Australia. The origins of these groups of Malagas … More y organisms were attributed either to vicariance due to continental drift or trans-oceanic migration.Flower visitors of various flowering plants at six vegetation types of forests in Madagascar were surveyed. The Madagascar honeybee was most dominant all over the Madagascar. Birds, moths and beatles were also recorded as pollinators on various plant species. Pollination by long-tongued tipulid midges was characteristically observed on various plants. Obligate pollination mutualism with gracillariid moths was suggested in Phyllanthus plants. This is the first record of obligate pollination mutualism in Phyllanthaceae from Madagascar.To accumulate scientific information about the interrelationship between nature and human in Madagascar, floristic survey of seaweeds and mangrove algae was carried out. Endosymbiosis of cryptomonads was investigated to elucidate the genetical and cytological mechanisms how transfer, unify, re-arrange and disappear the genes derived from symbiont after cell fusion between the host and symbiont. An ecological anthropology study was conducted among the Tanalana for elucidating their survival strategies in the arid land of southwest Madagascar. Less

马达加斯加长期以来一直是一个与世隔绝的岛屿，并发展了独特的动物群，具有高度的物种丰富性和地方性。为了弄清马达加斯加几个特有类群的起源和进化，进行了分子系统发育研究；(1)马达加斯加原猴(狐猴)与非洲和亚洲其他原猴之间的系统发育关系，(3)马达加斯加特有青蛙科与树蛙科(Rhachoride)和其他蛙科(Rhachoridae)的系统发育关系；(4)特有的马达加斯加原猴(Tenrecinae、Geogalae、Oryzorictinae(Microgale、Oryzorictes和Limnogale))与它们的非洲近亲(如Potamogale和Micropotamogale)之间的系统发育关系；(3)马达加斯加特有青蛙、Mantellidae科相对于Rhachoridae(树蛙)和其他青蛙的系统发育关系；以及(4)特有的Malagybaobab(Adansonia)相对于非洲和澳大利亚其他Adansonia物种的系统发育关系。马拉加…的这些群体的起源更多的生物归因于大陆漂移或跨洋迁徙的交接。调查了马达加斯加6种植被类型的各种开花植物的访花情况。马达加斯加蜜蜂在整个马达加斯加地区占主导地位。鸟类、飞蛾和甲壳虫也被记录为各种植物的传粉者。在各种植物上都能观察到长舌形吸虫的授粉。叶下珠属植物的专性授粉与叶下珠蛾有互惠共生现象。这是马达加斯加叶下珠藻科植物中首次发现的预授性授粉互惠现象。为了积累马达加斯加自然与人类相互关系的科学信息，对马达加斯加的海藻和红树林藻类进行了区系调查。通过对隐单胞菌内共生的研究，阐明了共生体基因在宿主和共生体之间融合后如何转移、统一、重新排列和消失的遗传学和细胞学机制。为了阐明塔纳纳人在马达加斯加西南部干旱土地上的生存策略，对塔纳纳人进行了生态人类学研究。较少