International Comparative Study on Ensuring Food Safety and Reliable System by Solving Information Asymmetry

本研究的目的是解决食品系统中加工商、分销商、食品服务商和消费者之间的信息不对称问题，明确保障食品安全和可靠系统的主题，研究结果归纳为五点：第一，关于北美牛肉业中加拿大牛肉业应对疯牛病的措施，虽然美国牛肉业中的疯牛病问题与加拿大牛肉业的应对措施有关，但加拿大牛肉业应对疯牛病的措施与美国牛肉业应对疯牛病的措施有关，加拿大牛肉业应对疯牛病的措施与美国牛肉业应对疯牛病的措施有关，加拿大牛肉业应对疯牛病的措施与美国牛肉业应对疯牛病的措施有关，加拿大牛肉业应对疯牛病的措施与美国牛肉业应对疯牛病的措施有关。加强风险管理与降低成本之间存在着一种权衡关系，阐明了在年龄认证与BSE检测的替代处理下，加拿大是如何安排风险管理与其成本、背后的因素和思路之间的折衷关系的。通过收集国际会议和亚洲国家专家的信息，了解采用食品安全和可靠系统的态度和特点，如HACCP或ISO卫生控制系统，认证程序，标签程序和可追溯性系统。第三，理解了风险管理放松管制与动物副产品、餐饮垃圾和抗生素使用之间的协议均衡及其原因。第四，澳大利亚是牛肉和奶制品的出口大国。也是食品安全先进、体系可靠的国家。虽然日本是澳大利亚的主要出口市场，但中国和俄罗斯正在成为澳大利亚的重要市场，因为对它们的需求迅速扩大。但是，由于干旱导致的水资源短缺，以及在粮食集约化生产的趋势下，粮食价格急剧上涨，澳大利亚面临着粮食供应不稳定的问题。第五，尽管改善动物健康和牲畜卫生对降低农场管理风险和向消费者提供牲畜产品很重要，但进展缓慢。引入基于预防原则的风险管理，以将损害控制在最低限度。

The aim of this study is to solve information asymmetry between firm such as processor, distributor food service and consumer in food system, and to clarify the subject of ensuring food safety and reliable system.The findings are summarized into five points.First, about the measures against BSE issue in Canadian beef industry related to USA within North American beef industry, Although, there is a trade off between strengthening risk management and reducing cost, it is clarified that how Canada arrange a compromise between risk management and its cost, factor and thinking behind it, under substitute treatment between age certification and BSE test.Second, attitude to adoption and characteristics of food safety and reliable system, such as HACCP or ISO based hygiene control system, certification program, labeling program and traceability system are understood, by gathering the information from international meeting and expert in Asian countries. And also, performances of such institutions are discussed.Third, both of the agreement equilibrium and the reason, between deregulation for risk management and usage, of animal by products, catering waste and antibiotics, are understood. And, differences from Japanese situation about them are emphasized.Four, Australia is a big exporter of beef and dairy products. It is also advanced country of food safety and reliable system. Although Japan is main export market of Australia, China and Russia is becoming important market, because of rapid expansion of demand for them. But, Australia is facing problem of unstable food supply, due to water shortage resulting from draught, steep rise in grain under the trend of grain intensive production.Five, although improvement of animal health and livestock hygiene is important to reduce risk in farm management and to provide livestock products to consumer, its progress is slow. Introduction of risk management based on the precaution principle, in order to held the damage to a minimum.