Comparative Study on Food Safety and Quality Guarantee System in the Case of Meat Production and Marketing -Review of Japan, Europe, USA and Oceania about Introduction of HACCP-

在食品安全不确定性上升的背景下，我们以肉类生产和销售为例，对食品安全和质量保障体系进行了国际比较研究。研究结果表明：(1)投入保障食品安全是必要的。由于小型屠宰场没有直接的经济回报，它们必须整合起来，特别是在日本，那里有许多小型屠宰场开业人员。同时，由于固定成本占屠宰总成本的很大一部分，因此整合是非常值得推荐的。(2)澳大利亚和新西兰都是肉类生产和出口的先进国家。这些国家从农业生产到加工阶段，在建立质量保证和安全保障方面做出了相当大的努力。因此，这些国家在国际上得到了很高的估值。它使他们能够向世界市场供应卫生的和长期运行的肉类。(3)自…以来更多的疯牛病已经发生，欧盟已经开始考虑采取对策，主要包括在英国处置奶牛，禁止英国向其他国家出口肉类。由于肉类消费减少，欧盟还试图对生产商采取赔偿行动和市场稳定行动。英国制定了一项计划，不向家畜生产者提供肉骨粉作为饲料，这是由于有观点认为，疯牛病是通过用绵羊和牛的肉骨粉制成的饲料来传播的。在丹麦，它通过全肉骨粉供应链不断维护食品安全，并将其作为一种资源进行高效再利用。(4)为了使生产与欧盟肉类分销相协调，大多数小型屠宰场因要求改善设施而被迫关闭，这是基于屠宰场统一的卫生标准。为了建立一个大规模的屠宰场，促使它们的重组。(5)微小生物对食品制造过程的控制等在韩国也被认为是重要的。但农民对畜禽防疫知识缺乏、安全检测专业人员少、设备、技术、制度不健全等问题依然存在。较少

With a background of the rise in the uncertainty of food safety, we did an international comparative study of the food safety and quality guarantee system in the case of meat production and marketing. Obtained results are shown as below.(1) Investment to guarantee the food safety is necessary. Because there is no financial reward to small slaughter house directly, they must be integrated, especially in the case of Japan where there are many small slaughter house establishment persons. And also, as fixed cost occupy the much part of the total cost of slaughtering, the integration are highly recommended.(2) Australia and NZ are advanced countries of meat production and export. These countries have made a considerable effort for establishment of the quality guarantee and the safety securing, from farm production to processing stage. So, these countries have been put a high valuation, internationally. It enables them to supply the sanitary and the long-run meat into world market.(3) Since … More BSE has occurred, EU has begun to consider a counterpane, including mainly the disposal of the cow in UK the prohibition of UK meat export to other countries. EU is also attempting a compensation action and market stability action to the producers, due to decrease in the meat consumption. UK forms a plan which dose not supply meat-and-bone meal for the livestock producers as a feed, resulting from the opinion which BSE has propagated through the feed made of meat-and-bone meal both of sheep and cow. In Denmark, it keeps on maintaining the food safety through the all meat-and-bone meal supply chain and re-uses it efficiently as a resource.(4) For harmonization of the manufacture with the distribution of meat in EU, most of small scale slaughter house are driven into the closure by the request for the improvement of the facilities which is based on the unifying sanitary standard of slaughter house. In order to make a big scale slaughter house, the re-organization of them are prompted.(5) The control of the minute creature on the manufacturing process of the food and so on is recognized to be important in South Korea, too. However, a lot of problems such as lack of farmer's knowledge for livestock prevention of epidemics, few specialist for safety inspection, poor equipment, technology and institution, still remain. Less