Emergence and spread of cultural innovative behavior among wild chimpanzees

观察了马哈勒野生黑猩猩在取食、工具使用、梳理、玩耍、求偶展示和恐吓展示等方面的文化行为模式。我们阐明了文化行为背后的一般发展过程。“梳理握手”被视为一种社会学习过程。形状本身很可能是由母亲通过“塑造”传递的，但它的精细模式似乎是由个体自己反复尝试的学习决定的。随着时间的推移，人们经常观察到一些新的行为，其中有40多种被记录下来。然而，我们得出的结论是，这些行为被固定为文化行为的可能性很小。

Cultural behavior patterns of wild chimpanzees at Mahale were observed in feeding, tool-use, grooming, play, courtship displays, and intimidation displays. We clarified the general developmental processes behind cultural behavior."Grooming hand-clasp"was examined as a process of social learning. It's likely that the form itself is transmitted by"Molding"by the mother, but its fine patterns seem to be determined by the individual's own trial-and-error learning. Some novel behaviors of which more than forty were recorded, were frequently observed over time. However we concluded that there is only a small possibility that these are fixed as cultural behavior.