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Editing of Audio-Visual Ethogram for African Great Apes and Behavioral Comparison Based on the Ethogram.

非洲类人猿视听行为图的编辑及基于行为图的行为比较。

基本信息

批准号：
10440255
负责人：
NISHIDA Toshisada
金额：
$ 3.65万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10440255/
关键词：
Chimpanzee Bonobo Gorilla Audio-Visual Ethogram Behavioral comparison Behavior of the Last Common Ancestor Grooming behavior Great Apes エソグラムヒト共通祖先文化

项目摘要

An audio-visual ethogram of the chimpanzees was compiled from rush videotapes of wild chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Each behavior pattern has been given ethogram number after the ethogram compiled by Nishida et al (1999), behavioral name, explanation of the behavior, chimpanzee's name, date of shooting, place of shooting, name of the shooter. Grooming behavior of three African great apes were compared in terms of frequency, behavioral patterns and age/sex class among which grooming occurs most frequently. It has been elucidated that chimpanzees and bonobos are similar in every respect and that gorillas invest little in grooming and have much shorter bout. Gorillas also lack in the behavioral pattern of solicitation and way of grooming is not refined. However, gorillas do have the behavioral pattern of removing lice eggs. Bonobos are similar to chimpanzees in investing 10% of their waking time in grooming. However, variation in behavioral patterns is limited among bonob … More os. Three great apes do not differ in that grooming is most frequent and of dedicated nature between mother and offspring. This would be explained by the likely hypothesis that ectoparasites-removing function of grooming should appear most directly between mother and offspring. Contexts and function of paternal, greeting, copulatory, display, play and bed-making behavior are compared among great apes and between mountain and eastern lowland gorillas, based on the videotapes. Consequently, it has proved that although gorillas share many common behavioral characteristics with chimpanzees, similar behavior may occur in different contexts, or may have different functions. Immature gorillas tend to show behavioral components of threat more often than chimpanzees. This phenomenon may have relation with the fact that male gorillas neither establish dominance-subordination relationships nor coexist with each other after the adolescence. As an example of behavioral differences between races, we have found that the same calls used in courtship by mountain gorillas are emitted as contact calls among eastern lowland gorillas. It has also been confirmed that gorilla make beds above the ground as one of the anti-predator strategies Less

黑猩猩的视听行为图是根据坦桑尼亚马哈勒山脉野生黑猩猩的匆匆录像带编制而成的。每种行为模式在Nishida等人(1999)编制的行为图之后都被赋予了行为图编号、行为名称、行为解释、黑猩猩的名字、枪击日期、枪击地点、枪手姓名。对三种非洲类人猿的梳理行为的频率、行为模式和年龄/性别进行了比较，其中梳理行为发生频率最高。人们已经阐明，黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩在各方面都很相似，而大猩猩在梳理毛发方面投入很少，而且时间也短得多。大猩猩还缺乏招揽的行为模式，梳理毛发的方式也不精致。然而，大猩猩确实有清除虱卵的行为模式。倭黑猩猩与黑猩猩类似，会将 10% 的清醒时间用于梳理毛发。然而，黑猩猩之间行为模式的变化是有限的。三只类人猿的不同之处在于，梳理毛发是最频繁的，并且在母亲和后代之间具有奉献精神。这可以通过以下可能的假设来解释：梳理的去除外寄生虫的功能应该最直接地出现在母亲和后代之间。根据录像带，对类人猿、山地大猩猩和东部低地大猩猩的父性、问候、交配、展示、玩耍和铺床行为的背景和功能进行了比较。因此，事实证明，尽管大猩猩与黑猩猩有许多共同的行为特征，但相似的行为可能会在不同的环境中发生，或者可能具有不同的功能。未成熟的大猩猩往往比黑猩猩更频繁地表现出威胁的行为成分。这种现象可能与雄性大猩猩进入青春期后不再建立主从关系、不再共存有关。作为种族之间行为差异的一个例子，我们发现山地大猩猩求爱时使用的叫声与东部低地大猩猩之间的联系叫声相同。也已证实，大猩猩在地面上铺床是其反捕食者策略之一。