Editing of Audio-Visual Ethogram for African Great Apes and Behavioral Comparison Based on the Ethogram.

黑猩猩的视听行为图是根据坦桑尼亚马哈尔山脉野生黑猩猩的匆忙录像带汇编而成的。每一种行为模式在Nishida等人（1999）编制的行为图之后都被赋予了行为图编号，行为名称，行为解释，黑猩猩的名字，射击日期，射击地点，射击者的名字。比较了3种非洲类人猿的理毛行为的频率、行为模式和年龄/性别，其中理毛行为发生频率最高。已经阐明，黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩在各个方面都很相似，大猩猩很少在梳理方面投入精力，而且回合时间要短得多。大猩猩也缺乏恳求的行为模式，梳理的方式也不精致。然而，大猩猩确实有清除虱子卵的行为模式。倭黑猩猩与黑猩猩相似，它们将10%的清醒时间用于梳理毛发。然而，行为模式的变化在倭黑猩猩中是有限的， ...更多信息 三种大猿的区别并不在于梳理是最频繁的，而且是母亲和子女之间的专门性质。这可能是解释的可能的假设，外寄生虫清除功能的梳理应该出现最直接的母亲和后代之间。根据录像带，比较了大猩猩之间以及山地和东部低地大猩猩之间的父系行为、问候行为、交配行为、展示行为、玩耍行为和铺床行为的背景和功能。因此，它已经证明，虽然大猩猩与黑猩猩有许多共同的行为特征，但类似的行为可能发生在不同的环境中，或者可能具有不同的功能。未成熟的大猩猩往往比黑猩猩更经常地表现出威胁的行为成分。这种现象可能与雄性大猩猩在进入青春期后既不建立主从关系，也不相互共存有关。作为种族间行为差异的一个例子，我们发现山地大猩猩在求偶时发出的叫声与东部低地大猩猩在接触时发出的叫声相同。它也已被证实，大猩猩使床以上的地面作为一个反捕食者的战略减

An audio-visual ethogram of the chimpanzees was compiled from rush videotapes of wild chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Each behavior pattern has been given ethogram number after the ethogram compiled by Nishida et al (1999), behavioral name, explanation of the behavior, chimpanzee's name, date of shooting, place of shooting, name of the shooter. Grooming behavior of three African great apes were compared in terms of frequency, behavioral patterns and age/sex class among which grooming occurs most frequently. It has been elucidated that chimpanzees and bonobos are similar in every respect and that gorillas invest little in grooming and have much shorter bout. Gorillas also lack in the behavioral pattern of solicitation and way of grooming is not refined. However, gorillas do have the behavioral pattern of removing lice eggs. Bonobos are similar to chimpanzees in investing 10% of their waking time in grooming. However, variation in behavioral patterns is limited among bonob … More os. Three great apes do not differ in that grooming is most frequent and of dedicated nature between mother and offspring. This would be explained by the likely hypothesis that ectoparasites-removing function of grooming should appear most directly between mother and offspring. Contexts and function of paternal, greeting, copulatory, display, play and bed-making behavior are compared among great apes and between mountain and eastern lowland gorillas, based on the videotapes. Consequently, it has proved that although gorillas share many common behavioral characteristics with chimpanzees, similar behavior may occur in different contexts, or may have different functions. Immature gorillas tend to show behavioral components of threat more often than chimpanzees. This phenomenon may have relation with the fact that male gorillas neither establish dominance-subordination relationships nor coexist with each other after the adolescence. As an example of behavioral differences between races, we have found that the same calls used in courtship by mountain gorillas are emitted as contact calls among eastern lowland gorillas. It has also been confirmed that gorilla make beds above the ground as one of the anti-predator strategies Less