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Comparative study of the behavior of the genus Pan by compiling video ethogram.

通过编制视频行为图对盘属行为进行比较研究。

基本信息

批准号：
08454278
负责人：
NISHIDA Toshisada
金额：
$ 4.61万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08454278/
关键词：
Chimpanzee Bonobo Video ethogram Culture Common ancestor Comparative study Grooming Sexual behavior Chimpanzee bonobo ethogram audio-visual ethogro cultuse Commurication

项目摘要

It has been known that chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)and bonobos(Pan paniscus)show a great deal of local, as well as age, sex and idiosyncratic, differences. In what kind of domain are local behavioral differences most remarkable? This is an important question to be addressed when we want to solve the origins of human culture. The extent of local differences has not well been elucidated. This is partly bacause of the lack of detailed ethogram in most of the study sites of chimpanzees and bonobos. This study aims to clarify the behavioral comparisons between chimpanzees and bonobos. We need such comparisons in order to reconstruct the behavior of the last common ancestors of Homo and Pan.We obtained the following results from the present study. 1.Six repertories of tool use behavior were different between the chimpanzees in Guinea and Tanzania, 2.Grooming, sexual behavior and reassurance behavior were different between the chimpanzees and the bonobos. (1)Simultaneous grooming among more than three individuals and mutual grooming were seldom observed among benobos. (2).Infant bonobos were never observed to disturb copulation of their mothers. (3)Mounting as ressurance behavior was never observed among bonobos. These findings have not been reported before. From the present study, it was clarified that the video ethograms were useful for comparisons on behavior between species or different populations of the same species.

众所周知，黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）和倭黑猩猩（Pan paniscus）表现出大量的地方性差异，以及年龄、性别和特质差异。在哪种领域，地方行为差异最显著？这是我们要解决人类文化起源的一个重要问题。地方差异的程度还没有很好地阐明。这部分是因为在大多数黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩的研究地点缺乏详细的行为谱。这项研究旨在阐明黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩之间的行为比较。我们需要这样的比较来重建人类和泛人类最后共同祖先的行为。1.几内亚和坦桑尼亚黑猩猩的工具使用行为在6个方面存在差异：（2）梳理行为、性行为和安慰行为在几内亚黑猩猩和坦桑尼亚黑猩猩之间存在差异。（1）黑恶黑个体间的同时梳理行为和相互梳理行为很少发生。（2）.从未观察到倭黑猩猩幼崽干扰母亲交配。（3）在倭黑猩猩中没有观察到爬上作为一种安慰行为。这些发现以前没有报道过。从本研究中，这是澄清，视频民族志是有用的物种之间或同一物种的不同种群的行为比较。