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Comparative study of the behavior of the genus Pan by compiling video ethogram.

通过编制视频行为图对盘属行为进行比较研究。

基本信息

批准号：
08454278
负责人：
NISHIDA Toshisada
金额：
$ 4.61万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08454278/
关键词：
Chimpanzee Bonobo Video ethogram Culture Common ancestor Comparative study Grooming Sexual behavior Chimpanzee bonobo ethogram audio-visual ethogro cultuse Commurication

项目摘要

It has been known that chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)and bonobos(Pan paniscus)show a great deal of local, as well as age, sex and idiosyncratic, differences. In what kind of domain are local behavioral differences most remarkable? This is an important question to be addressed when we want to solve the origins of human culture. The extent of local differences has not well been elucidated. This is partly bacause of the lack of detailed ethogram in most of the study sites of chimpanzees and bonobos. This study aims to clarify the behavioral comparisons between chimpanzees and bonobos. We need such comparisons in order to reconstruct the behavior of the last common ancestors of Homo and Pan.We obtained the following results from the present study. 1.Six repertories of tool use behavior were different between the chimpanzees in Guinea and Tanzania, 2.Grooming, sexual behavior and reassurance behavior were different between the chimpanzees and the bonobos. (1)Simultaneous grooming among more than three individuals and mutual grooming were seldom observed among benobos. (2).Infant bonobos were never observed to disturb copulation of their mothers. (3)Mounting as ressurance behavior was never observed among bonobos. These findings have not been reported before. From the present study, it was clarified that the video ethograms were useful for comparisons on behavior between species or different populations of the same species.

众所周知，黑猩猩(泛猩猩)和矮黑猩猩(泛黑猩猩)在当地以及年龄、性别和特质上都表现出很大的差异。在哪种领域中，本地行为差异最显着？这是我们想要解决人类文化起源问题时要解决的一个重要问题。地方差异的程度还没有得到很好的阐明。这在一定程度上是因为在大多数黑猩猩和矮黑猩猩的研究地点缺乏详细的人种图。这项研究旨在澄清黑猩猩和黑猩猩之间的行为比较。我们需要这样的比较来重建人类和泛人最后的共同祖先的行为。我们从本研究中获得了以下结果。1.几内亚黑猩猩和坦桑尼亚黑猩猩在工具使用行为的6项指标上存在差异；2.黑猩猩与黑猩猩在梳毛、性行为和安抚行为上存在差异。(1)三个以上个体间的同时梳理和相互梳理很少在小黑猩猩之间观察到。(2).从未观察到幼年矮黑猩猩干扰其母亲的交配。(3)在黑猩猩中从未观察到安抚行为。这些发现以前从未被报道过。目前的研究表明，视频人种图对于比较物种之间或同一物种的不同种群的行为是有用的。