The Behavioral Ecology of Chimpanzees.

黑猩猩的行为生态学。

• 批准号: 63043017
• 负责人: NISHIDA Toshisada
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Overseas Scientific Survey.
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63043017/
• 关键词: Chimpanzee; Behavioral ecology; Mother-offspring relationship; Female-female relationship; Weaning conflict; Sex difference; Age difference; 薬用植物

This study is based on the field work conducted mainly in Mahale, Tanzania in 1987. Sex and age differences in the behaviors of wild chimpanzees were our major concerns. (1) Female infants tended to be weaned earlier than male infants. Male infants protested against the copulations of their mothers more frequently and more strongly than did their female counterparts. Birth interval tended to be shorter when the previous offspring was female. These differences can be explained by sexual selection hypothesis. (2) Feeding behavior differed across ages: Older adult males picked fallen fruits more often than young adult or adolescent males. Full adult males rarely fed on ants. In contrast younger males often did so. The alpha male of the group showed remarkably high feeding rate. Metabolic efficiency and nutritional needs may mostly explain the age differences. (3) Old aged chimpanzees tended to be groomed far more frequently than to groom others. This shows the unique status of aged chimpanzees in the chimpanzee society.

这项研究是基于1987年主要在坦桑尼亚马哈勒进行的实地工作。野生黑猩猩行为的性别和年龄差异是我们主要关注的问题。(1)女婴倾向于早于男婴断奶。与女性婴儿相比，男性婴儿对母亲交配的抗议更频繁、更强烈。当前一代为雌性时，出生间隔往往较短。这些差异可以用性选择假说来解释。(2)不同年龄段的取食行为不同：老年雄性比青年或青春期雄性更常采摘落果。成年雄性很少以蚂蚁为食。相比之下，年轻的男性往往会这样做。该组中的雄性阿尔法表现出显著的高摄食率。新陈代谢效率和营养需求可能是造成年龄差异的主要原因。(3)老年黑猩猩被梳理毛发的频率远远高于给其他黑猩猩梳毛的频率。这表明了老年黑猩猩在黑猩猩社会中的独特地位。