权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Study on Cooperation and Conflict Resolution in Chimpanzees

黑猩猩合作与冲突解决的研究

基本信息

批准号：
03041046
负责人：
NISHIDA Toshisada
金额：
$ 21.76万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. Coalition and alliance tactics of adult male chimpanzees were studied. (1) The oldest and adult male of M Group died around March 1993, but his death did not have any influence on the existing male dominance relationships. (2) No change in rank was seen among the 3 highest ranking and 3 lowest ranking males. The relationships among 3 middle-ranking males, however, were unstable and difficult to define. (3) The rivalry between the alpha and beta males was a major factor responsible for the group instability in 1993-94. However, the status of the alpha male was maintained, being supported by the coalition with the gamma male : Social grooming and solicitation of aid in combat were often seen between the alpha and gamma males. On the contrary, these coalitionary moves were rarely seen between the beta and gamma. Moreover, the temporary coalition between the beta and gamma was immediately cancelled when the alpha reconciled with the gamma. (4) The gamma male was occasionally challenged … More for status by a young adult male, who was, however, discouraged to continue to do so by the alpha male who intervened in the dispute by attacking the latter one-sidedly. Thus, the coalition between the alpha and gamma was mutually beneficial, being characterized as a reciprocal altruism.2. Nineteen chimpanzees of M Group died during this study period, 50% of which were killed by influenza. 3. Orphans of 2 to 4 years of age who lost their mothers by influenza were adopted and provided care by an adult female and several adolescent females and males. Thus, most of the orphans including the youngest survived their mothers' death. 4. Gestures, calls, and displays of chimpanzees were audio-visually recorded, which will be analyzed for detailed analysis of social relationships. Samples of blood, bone, muscle, and skeletons of several chimpanzees were obtained, which will be used for DNA typing. A lot of fecal and plant samples were also collected for either parasitological or chemical analyses. Less

1. 研究了成年雄性黑猩猩的联盟和联盟策略。(1) M集团年龄最大的成年雄性在1993年3月左右死亡，但其死亡对现有的雄性优势关系没有影响。(2)排名最高的3只雄性和排名最低的3只雄性的排名没有变化。3名中层男性之间的关系不稳定且难以确定。(3) 1993-94年雄、雄之间的竞争是造成群体不稳定的主要因素。然而，阿尔法男性的地位得到了维持，并得到了与伽玛男性联盟的支持：在战斗中，阿尔法男性和伽玛男性之间经常出现社会梳理和请求援助的情况。相反，这些联合行动在贝塔和伽马之间很少见到。而且，当α和γ和解时，β和γ之间的临时联盟立即被取消。(4)偶尔会有一只年轻的成年雄性向伽马雄性发起挑战，更多的是为了地位，然而，雄性领袖阻止了它继续这样做，并通过单方面攻击后者来干预这场争论。因此，阿尔法和伽玛之间的联盟是互利的，被描述为互惠的利他主义。M组的19只黑猩猩在研究期间死亡，其中50%死于流感。3. 因流感失去母亲的2至4岁孤儿由一名成年女性和几名青少年女性和男性收养和照顾。因此，大多数孤儿，包括最小的，都在母亲去世后幸存了下来。4. 通过对黑猩猩的手势、叫声、表情等进行视听记录，可以对社会关系进行详细分析。研究人员获得了几只黑猩猩的血液、骨骼、肌肉和骨骼样本，这些样本将用于DNA分型。还收集了大量粪便和植物样本进行寄生虫学或化学分析。少