Study on Cooperation and Conflict Resolution in Chimpanzees

黑猩猩合作与冲突解决的研究

基本信息

批准号：
03041046
负责人：
NISHIDA Toshisada
金额：
$ 21.76万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. Coalition and alliance tactics of adult male chimpanzees were studied. (1) The oldest and adult male of M Group died around March 1993, but his death did not have any influence on the existing male dominance relationships. (2) No change in rank was seen among the 3 highest ranking and 3 lowest ranking males. The relationships among 3 middle-ranking males, however, were unstable and difficult to define. (3) The rivalry between the alpha and beta males was a major factor responsible for the group instability in 1993-94. However, the status of the alpha male was maintained, being supported by the coalition with the gamma male : Social grooming and solicitation of aid in combat were often seen between the alpha and gamma males. On the contrary, these coalitionary moves were rarely seen between the beta and gamma. Moreover, the temporary coalition between the beta and gamma was immediately cancelled when the alpha reconciled with the gamma. (4) The gamma male was occasionally challenged … More for status by a young adult male, who was, however, discouraged to continue to do so by the alpha male who intervened in the dispute by attacking the latter one-sidedly. Thus, the coalition between the alpha and gamma was mutually beneficial, being characterized as a reciprocal altruism.2. Nineteen chimpanzees of M Group died during this study period, 50% of which were killed by influenza. 3. Orphans of 2 to 4 years of age who lost their mothers by influenza were adopted and provided care by an adult female and several adolescent females and males. Thus, most of the orphans including the youngest survived their mothers' death. 4. Gestures, calls, and displays of chimpanzees were audio-visually recorded, which will be analyzed for detailed analysis of social relationships. Samples of blood, bone, muscle, and skeletons of several chimpanzees were obtained, which will be used for DNA typing. A lot of fecal and plant samples were also collected for either parasitological or chemical analyses. Less

1。成年男性黑猩猩的联盟和联盟策略是研究的。（1）M群体中最古老和成年男性的男性死于1993年3月，但他的死对现有的男性统治关系没有任何影响。（2）在3个最高排名和3个最低排名的男性中，排名没有变化。但是，三个中级男性之间的关系是不稳定的，难以定义。（3）Alpha和Beta雄性之间的危险是导致1993 - 94年群体不稳定的主要因素。但是，维持α男性的地位，得到了与伽马男性的联盟的支持：在阿尔法和伽马男性之间经常看到对战斗的社会修饰和援助。相反，这些联盟举动很少在Beta和伽马之间看到。此外，当Alpha与Gamma和解时，Beta和Gamma之间的临时联盟立即被取消。（4）伽玛男性偶尔会受到挑战……一名年轻男性的身份更多，然而，阿尔法男性不鼓励继续这样做，而阿尔法男性则通过一次性地攻击了纠纷。这就是α和伽玛之间的联盟是互惠互利的，被描述为互惠利他主义。2。 M群的十九个黑猩猩在本研究期间死亡，其中50％被影响力杀死。 3。2至4岁的孤儿因影响力而失去母亲，并由成年女性和几位青少年女性和男性提供护理。那，包括最小的孤儿在母亲的死亡中幸存下来。 4.辣椒的手势，呼叫和显示器是视听记录的，将对社会关系进行详细分析。获得了几个中国人的血液，骨骼，肌肉和骨骼样本，这些样本将用于DNA键入。还收集了许多粪便和植物样品进行寄生或化学分析。较少的